https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Thermotoga&feed=atom&action=history
Thermotoga - Revision history
2024-03-29T08:47:29Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
MediaWiki 1.39.6
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Thermotoga&diff=55738&oldid=prev
Slonczewski at 02:17, 28 September 2010
2010-09-28T02:17:33Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Thermotoga'' is typically a rod-shaped cell enveloped in a outer cell membrane (the 'toga'). ''Thermotoga'' enzymes are known for being active at high temperatures. Thermotogales are extremely thermostable and therefore useful for many industrial processes such as in chemical and food industries (R. Huber ''et al.'', 2004). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">To learn about </del>''Petrotoga mexicana''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, a novel </del>anaerobic, thermophilic, xylanolytic, motile rod-shaped bacterium (complete with a characteristic sheath-like outer structure or 'toga') that was isolated from a Mexican oil well in the Gulf of Mexico, go [http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/full/54/1/169 HERE].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Thermotoga'' is typically a rod-shaped cell enveloped in a outer cell membrane (the 'toga'). ''Thermotoga'' enzymes are known for being active at high temperatures. Thermotogales are extremely thermostable and therefore useful for many industrial processes such as in chemical and food industries (R. Huber ''et al.'', 2004). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A related extremophile genus is ''Petrotoga.'' </ins>''Petrotoga mexicana'' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is an </ins>anaerobic, thermophilic, xylanolytic, motile rod-shaped bacterium (complete with a characteristic sheath-like outer structure or 'toga') that was isolated from a Mexican oil well in the Gulf of Mexico, go [http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/full/54/1/169 HERE].</div></td></tr>
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Slonczewski
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Thermotoga&diff=55736&oldid=prev
BarichD: moved Petrotoga to Thermotoga
2010-09-28T01:23:24Z
<p>moved <a href="/index.php/Petrotoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrotoga">Petrotoga</a> to <a href="/index.php/Thermotoga" title="Thermotoga">Thermotoga</a></p>
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BarichD
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Thermotoga&diff=54431&oldid=prev
BarichD at 20:35, 6 August 2010
2010-08-06T20:35:23Z
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BarichD
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Thermotoga&diff=5481&oldid=prev
BarichD at 14:44, 16 August 2006
2006-08-16T14:44:01Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{|</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">| height="101" bgcolor="#FFDF95" |</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''NCBI:<br /> Taxonomy: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=2335&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Thermotoga ][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=28236&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Petrotoga] ''' '''<br /> Genome: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/framik.cgi?db=Genome&gi=141 Thermotoga ]<br />'''</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|}</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:thermpic.gif|thumb|300px|right|The crystal structure of adenylosuccinate lyase (ASL) from ''Thermatoga maritima''. Image from [http://www.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/People/Yeates/Gallery/asl_tm.html UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics.]]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:thermpic.gif|thumb|300px|right|The crystal structure of adenylosuccinate lyase (ASL) from ''Thermatoga maritima''. Image from [http://www.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/People/Yeates/Gallery/asl_tm.html UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics.]]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Petrotoga'':<br /></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Petrotoga'':<br /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''P. mexicana, P. miotherma, P. mobilis, P. olearia, P. sibirica''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''P. mexicana, P. miotherma, P. mobilis, P. olearia, P. sibirica''</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{|</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">| height="10" bgcolor="#FFDF95" |</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''NCBI: Taxonomy: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=2335&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Thermotoga ][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=28236&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Petrotoga] Genome: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/framik.cgi?db=Genome&gi=141 Thermotoga]'''</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and Significance==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and Significance==</div></td></tr>
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BarichD
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Thermotoga&diff=5058&oldid=prev
BarichD at 14:18, 14 August 2006
2006-08-14T14:18:18Z
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BarichD
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Thermotoga&diff=2665&oldid=prev
Tashiror: /* Ecology */
2006-06-07T19:07:41Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Ecology</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:habitatpic.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Filaments containing ''Thermotoga'' bacteria were found in this hot spring with little sulfur. T: 83°C, pH = 8 (slightly alkaline) from the [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/EPO/yellowstone2002/workshop/octopus1/index.html<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#aquifex </del>Lunar and Planetary Institute.]]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:habitatpic.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Filaments containing ''Thermotoga'' bacteria were found in this hot spring with little sulfur. T: 83°C, pH = 8 (slightly alkaline) from the [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/EPO/yellowstone2002/workshop/octopus1/index.html Lunar and Planetary Institute.]]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Thermotoga ''bacteria has an upper growth limit of 90°C , making it among the bacteria group with the highest known growth temperatures. Thermotogales typically grow in low salinity volcanic or high-temperature habitats such as shallow or deep-sea marine systems and continental oil fields. ''T. maritima'' was first isolated in Vulcano, Italy from a shallow marine sediment that was geothermally heated . The next species found was ''T. neapolitana'', found in a thermal submarine vent near Naples, Italy. The newest ''Thermotoga'' species BB13-1-L6A lives in heated waters close to 68°C with a pH of 6.8 in Germany (R. Huber ''et al.'', 2004). ''Petrotoga'' species are only found in oil reservoirs, which has only raised questions about both their survival in this deep subsurface environment and their possible indigenicity to this peculiar ecosystem.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Thermotoga ''bacteria has an upper growth limit of 90°C , making it among the bacteria group with the highest known growth temperatures. Thermotogales typically grow in low salinity volcanic or high-temperature habitats such as shallow or deep-sea marine systems and continental oil fields. ''T. maritima'' was first isolated in Vulcano, Italy from a shallow marine sediment that was geothermally heated . The next species found was ''T. neapolitana'', found in a thermal submarine vent near Naples, Italy. The newest ''Thermotoga'' species BB13-1-L6A lives in heated waters close to 68°C with a pH of 6.8 in Germany (R. Huber ''et al.'', 2004). ''Petrotoga'' species are only found in oil reservoirs, which has only raised questions about both their survival in this deep subsurface environment and their possible indigenicity to this peculiar ecosystem.</div></td></tr>
</table>
Tashiror
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Thermotoga&diff=2662&oldid=prev
Tashiror: /* Cell Structure and Metabolism */
2006-06-07T19:06:37Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Cell Structure and Metabolism</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:06, 7 June 2006</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Cell Structure and Metabolism==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Cell Structure and Metabolism==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Image:t.maritima.gif|frame|right|''T. maritima''. Note the visible outer membrane cell envelope (toga). [http://141.150.157.117:8080/prokPUB/index.htm R.Huber], Univ. Regensburg, Germany.]]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Image:Thermotogapicbig.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Thermotoga maritima''From [http://www.biologie.uni-regensburg.de/Mikrobio/Thomm/D/stetter.htm K.O. Stetter] and R.Rachel, Univ. Regensburg, Germany.]]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thermotogales are thermophilic or hyperthermophilic, growing best around 80°C and in the neutral pH range (R. Huber ''et al.'', 2004). The salt tolerance of ''Thermotoga'' species varies greatly; while some display an extremely high salt tolerance, others are restricted to low-salinity habitats. This aerobic gram-negative organism is typically nonsporeforming and metabolizes several carbohydrates, both simple and complex, including glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose, and xylan (EBI, 2003). The L-alanine production of Thermotogales is similar to the achaeal Thermococcales, suggesting that L-alanine production from sugar is a trait of a former ancestral metabolism (R. Huber ''et al.'', 2004).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thermotogales are thermophilic or hyperthermophilic, growing best around 80°C and in the neutral pH range (R. Huber ''et al.'', 2004). The salt tolerance of ''Thermotoga'' species varies greatly; while some display an extremely high salt tolerance, others are restricted to low-salinity habitats. This aerobic gram-negative organism is typically nonsporeforming and metabolizes several carbohydrates, both simple and complex, including glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose, and xylan (EBI, 2003). The L-alanine production of Thermotogales is similar to the achaeal Thermococcales, suggesting that L-alanine production from sugar is a trait of a former ancestral metabolism (R. Huber ''et al.'', 2004).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Image:t.maritima.gif|frame|right|''T. maritima''. Note the visible outer membrane cell envelope (toga). [http://141.150.157.117:8080/prokPUB/index.htm R.Huber], Univ. Regensburg, Germany.]]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Image:Thermotogapicbig.jpg|thumb|300px|right|''Thermotoga maritima''From [http://www.biologie.uni-regensburg.de/Mikrobio/Thomm/D/stetter.htm K.O. Stetter] and R.Rachel, Univ. Regensburg, Germany.]]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology==</div></td></tr>
</table>
Tashiror
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Thermotoga&diff=2658&oldid=prev
Tashiror at 19:04, 7 June 2006
2006-06-07T19:04:19Z
<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:04, 7 June 2006</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{|</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{|</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| height="101" bgcolor="#FFDF95" |</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| height="101" bgcolor="#FFDF95" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''NCBI:<br /> Taxonomy: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=2335&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Thermotoga ][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=28236&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Petrotoga] ''''''<br /> Genome: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/framik.cgi?db=Genome&gi=141 Thermotoga ]<br />'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''NCBI:<br /> Taxonomy: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=2335&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Thermotoga ][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=28236&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Petrotoga] ''' '''<br /> Genome: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/framik.cgi?db=Genome&gi=141 Thermotoga ]<br />'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:thermpic.gif|thumb|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">400px</del>|right|The crystal structure of adenylosuccinate lyase (ASL) from ''Thermatoga maritima''. Image from [http://www.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/People/Yeates/Gallery/asl_tm.html UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics.]]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:thermpic.gif|thumb|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">300px</ins>|right|The crystal structure of adenylosuccinate lyase (ASL) from ''Thermatoga maritima''. Image from [http://www.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/People/Yeates/Gallery/asl_tm.html UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics.]]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Classification==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Classification==</div></td></tr>
</table>
Tashiror
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Thermotoga&diff=2656&oldid=prev
Tashiror at 19:03, 7 June 2006
2006-06-07T19:03:24Z
<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{|<br />
| height="101" bgcolor="#FFDF95" |<br />
'''NCBI:<br /> Taxonomy: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=2335&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Thermotoga ][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=28236&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Petrotoga] ''''''<br /> Genome: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/framik.cgi?db=Genome&gi=141 Thermotoga ]<br />'''<br />
|}<br />
[[Image:thermpic.gif|thumb|400px|right|The crystal structure of adenylosuccinate lyase (ASL) from ''Thermatoga maritima''. Image from [http://www.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/People/Yeates/Gallery/asl_tm.html UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics.]]]<br />
<br />
==Classification==<br />
<br />
===Higher order taxa:===<br />
<br />
Bacteria; Thermotogae; Thermotogae (class); Thermotogales; Thermotogaceae<br />
<br />
===Species:===<br />
<br />
''Thermotoga'':<br /><br />
''T. elfii, T. hypogea, T. lettingae, T. maritima, T. maritima MSB8, T. naphthophila, T. neapolitana, T. petrophila, T. subterranea, T. thermarum, T. sp., T. sp. strain FjSS3-B.1''<br />
<br />
''Petrotoga'':<br /><br />
''P. mexicana, P. miotherma, P. mobilis, P. olearia, P. sibirica''<br />
<br />
==Description and Significance==<br />
<br />
''Thermotoga'' is typically a rod-shaped cell enveloped in a outer cell membrane (the 'toga'). ''Thermotoga'' enzymes are known for being active at high temperatures. Thermotogales are extremely thermostable and therefore useful for many industrial processes such as in chemical and food industries (R. Huber ''et al.'', 2004). To learn about ''Petrotoga mexicana'', a novel anaerobic, thermophilic, xylanolytic, motile rod-shaped bacterium (complete with a characteristic sheath-like outer structure or 'toga') that was isolated from a Mexican oil well in the Gulf of Mexico, go [http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/full/54/1/169 HERE].<br />
<br />
==Genome Structure==<br />
<br />
The genome structure of ''T. maritima'' consists of one circular chromosome comprised of 1,860,725 base pairs (46% average G+C content). This genome has 1,877 predicted coding regions, with only 54% (1,014) having known functional assignments. Since the completion of the ''T. maritima'' genome, it has been discovered that almost one quarter of the genome has an archaeal background, though the core of ''T. maritima'' may be eubacterial (TIGR, 2004). ''Petrotoga'' is still fairly new, and is currently being sequenced.<br />
<br />
==Cell Structure and Metabolism==<br />
<br />
Thermotogales are thermophilic or hyperthermophilic, growing best around 80°C and in the neutral pH range (R. Huber ''et al.'', 2004). The salt tolerance of ''Thermotoga'' species varies greatly; while some display an extremely high salt tolerance, others are restricted to low-salinity habitats. This aerobic gram-negative organism is typically nonsporeforming and metabolizes several carbohydrates, both simple and complex, including glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose, and xylan (EBI, 2003). The L-alanine production of Thermotogales is similar to the achaeal Thermococcales, suggesting that L-alanine production from sugar is a trait of a former ancestral metabolism (R. Huber ''et al.'', 2004).<br />
<br />
[[Image:t.maritima.gif|frame|right|''T. maritima''. Note the visible outer membrane cell envelope (toga). [http://141.150.157.117:8080/prokPUB/index.htm R.Huber], Univ. Regensburg, Germany.]]]<br />
[[Image:Thermotogapicbig.jpg|thumb|300px|right|''Thermotoga maritima''From [http://www.biologie.uni-regensburg.de/Mikrobio/Thomm/D/stetter.htm K.O. Stetter] and R.Rachel, Univ. Regensburg, Germany.]]]<br />
<br />
==Ecology==<br />
<br />
[[Image:habitatpic.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Filaments containing ''Thermotoga'' bacteria were found in this hot spring with little sulfur. T: 83°C, pH = 8 (slightly alkaline) from the [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/EPO/yellowstone2002/workshop/octopus1/index.html#aquifex Lunar and Planetary Institute.]]]<br />
<br />
''Thermotoga ''bacteria has an upper growth limit of 90°C , making it among the bacteria group with the highest known growth temperatures. Thermotogales typically grow in low salinity volcanic or high-temperature habitats such as shallow or deep-sea marine systems and continental oil fields. ''T. maritima'' was first isolated in Vulcano, Italy from a shallow marine sediment that was geothermally heated . The next species found was ''T. neapolitana'', found in a thermal submarine vent near Naples, Italy. The newest ''Thermotoga'' species BB13-1-L6A lives in heated waters close to 68°C with a pH of 6.8 in Germany (R. Huber ''et al.'', 2004). ''Petrotoga'' species are only found in oil reservoirs, which has only raised questions about both their survival in this deep subsurface environment and their possible indigenicity to this peculiar ecosystem.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
[http://www.ebi.ac.uk/proteome/index.html?http://www.ebi.ac.uk/proteome/THEMA/ European Bioinformatics Institute. 19 Dec 2003. Proteome Analysis.]<br />
<br />
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