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Thomas Clarkson, Bench D, 31/08/16.

Classification

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Higher order taxa

Bacteria – Bacteria – Bacteroidetes – Bacteroidetes – Bacteroidales – Porphyromonas - gingivalis

Species

The species is Porphyromonas gingivalis, and it has a number of different type strains. These are 2561 T , ATCC 33277 T , BCRC 14417 T , CCRC 14417 T , CCUG 25893 T , CCUG 25928 T , CIP 103683 T , Coykendall 2561T , DSM 20709 T , JCM 12257 T , KCTC 5121T , NCTC 11834 T , Slots 2561 T , Slots' 2561 T , Slots' strain 2561 T (1).

' 'it is a strain

or is it a strain?

Description and significance

Porphyromonas gingivalis, is a gram-negative rod bacteria. It is non-motile, and found on and within the gingival epithelial cells in the oral cavity. It is dark-pigmented, asaccharolytic, and requires iron from heme for growth (2). Its relative importance comes from its implication as the most common cause of periodontitis. A number of articles have demonstrated its role as the aetiological agent. Overall, around 85% of diseased tissues have been shown to house P. gingivalis (2). Additionally it is not often found in healthy tissue, and the depth of the surface pits it forms from infection is strongly correlated to numbers of P. gingivalis present at the site (2). The bacteria cannot be found in the environment, due to its specific metabolic requirements, It can however be cultured on a blood agar plate (2).

Genome structure

The P. Gingivalis strain, 2561T has a total of 41 sequences in its genome (1). The longest among these is 9878 base pairs long and codes for a DnaK operon, the total genome is 2354886 base pairs long (1). Of these genes, 6 of them are related to 16RNA in some form. A number of the others DNA sequences are related to the virulence factors required for pathology, particularly fimbriae for which 7 of the genes code for (1). A literature review found no evidence of plasmids of any sort within the genome of P. gingivalis. Furthermore, it was confirmed that they have no cryptic plasmids, however researchers have succeeded in introducing plasmids to their genome (3). Other researchers sequenced the entire genome of strain TDC60, which is a particularly virulent strain, and found that it had a single circular genome 2339898 bp long, indicating no plasmids were present (4).

Cell structure and metabolism

Cell wall, biofilm formation, motility, metabolic functions.

Ecology

Aerobe/anaerobe, habitat (location in the oral cavity, potential other environments) and microbe/host interactions.REEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

Pathology

Do these microorganisms cause disease in the oral cavity or elsewhere?

Application to biotechnology

Bioengineering, biotechnologically relevant enzyme/compound production, drug targets,…

Current research

Summarise some of the most recent discoveries regarding this species.

References

References examples

1. Sahm, K., MacGregor, B.J., Jørgensen, B.B., and Stahl, D.A. (1999) Sulphate reduction and vertical distribution of sulphate-reducing bacteria quantified by rRNA slotblot hybridization in a coastal marine sediment. Environ Microbiol 1: 65-74.

2. Human Oral Microbiome

3. Honda, T., Takahashi, N., Miyauchi, S., yamazaki, K. (2012) Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces miR-146a without altering the production of inflammatory cytokines. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2.

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This page is written by Thomas Clarkson for the MICR3004 course, Semester 2, 2016