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==References==
==References==
Bosch TCG, Guillemin K, McFall-Ngai M (2019) Evolutionary "Experiments" in Symbiosis: The Study of Model Animals Provides Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying the Diversity of Host-Microbe Interactions. BioEssays 41:1800256


Malassezia Globosa- How the Cause of Dandruff Works. Head & Shoulders co.
Malassezia Globosa Taxonomy . NCBI Database


==Author==
==Author==
This page was authored by as part of the 2020 UM Study USA led by Dr. Erik Hom at the University of Mississippi.
This page was authored by Sara Joyce Willis as part of the 2020 UM Study USA led by Dr. Erik Hom at the University of Mississippi.


<!-- Do not remove this line-->[[Category:Pages edited by UM Study USA students of Erik Hom at the University of Mississippi]]
<!-- Do not remove this line-->[[Category:Pages edited by UM Study USA students of Erik Hom at the University of Mississippi]]

Latest revision as of 03:43, 29 January 2020

Classification[edit] Domain; Phylum; Class; Order; Family [Others may be used. Use NCBI link to find] Genus Species[edit] Malassezia Globosa Kingdom: Fungi Phylum: Basidiomycota Class: Hymenomycetes Order: Tremellales Family: Filobasidiaceae Genus: Malassezia Species: Globosa NCBI: Taxonomy Genus species Description and Significance[edit] Malassezia globosa is a type of yeast whos habitat is within the human body. It is thought to be harmless because it adds to the overall health of a human, but it does have instances of being malicious. It is a circular fungi that with a microscopes help, can be seen in a large population in cells along with its spores. Genome[edit] The genome sequence is pictured by this link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Click%20on%20image%20to%20zoom&p=PMC3&id=395553_emboj00072-0013-a.jpg Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle[edit] Like other eukaryotic organisms, the yeast cell has a well-organized nucleus bound in a membrane. Malassezia are the same due to their position as a fungi. The nucleus contains double-stranded chromosomes that pass along DNA during reproduction. Unlike plants, yeast are heterotrophs that do not have chlorophyll, a vascular system or a cell wall made of cellulose.The cell structure and function of yeast sets it apart from cells in plants, animals and bacteria. Yeast is a prolific, single-celled fungus that plays a major role in the food, beverage and pharmaceutical industry. When yeast cells are deprived of food, the cytoplasm in the cells becomes more acidic and proteins interact, causing the cytoplasm to become less fluid. Cell activity then slows to preserve the cell in the absence of an energy source. For instance, a package of dry yeast purchased at the store sits dormant until conditions for growth are right. Yeasts cells wake up in a hurry when a cook adds warm water and a bit of sugar Ecology and Known Roles in Symbiosis[edit] This microbe is found all over the human body. It plays a symbiotic role in digestion as well. It plays no role on the outside of our skin unless irritated. Once irritated it causes circular rashes in the skin and red sores that are painless. Its sister species however does play a crucial role in symbiotic cycles. This certain sister species of yeast emerges as hidden third partner in lichen symbiosis. Letharia vulpina, often found in Montana forests, is one of many lichen species worldwide that houses yeast as a third symbiotic partner. Fun Facts[edit] The importance of malassezia is that it is apart of every humans daily life. The average person will have about 10 million of them on heir scalp at a time. This fungi cause common skin rashes, which can be treated quickly. It causes dry scalp which affects many people. References[edit] [Sample reference] Bosch TCG, Guillemin K, McFall-Ngai M (2019) Evolutionary "Experiments" in Symbiosis: The Study of Model Animals Provides Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying the Diversity of Host-Microbe Interactions. BioEssays 41:1800256 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malassezia https://sciencing.com/parts-yeast-cell-8451459.html Author[edit] This page was authored by Sara Joyce Willis as part of the 2020 UM Study USA led by Dr. Erik Hom at the University of Mississippi.


This student page has not been curated.

MICROBE NAME

Classification

Domain: Fungi

Phylum: Basidiomycota

Class: Hymenomycetes

Order: Tremellales

Family: Malasseziaceae

Genus: Malassezia


Genus Species

NCBI: [1]

Genus species

Malassezia globosa


NCBI: [2]

Description and Significance

Malassezia globosa is a type of yeast whos habitat is within the human body. It is thought to be harmless because it adds to the overall health of a humans body, but it does have instances of being malicious. When stained the Malassezia globose are circular fungi that with a microscopes help, can be seen in a large population in cells along with its spores. Malassezia globosa are unicellular organisms apart of the fungi species. The shape is circular under a microscope but it is actually spherical shape. The spores are very small and are typically around 3 micrometers in diameter, and they reproduce through budding.

Genome

Malassezia globosa’s genome contains about 4,000 total genes. The genetic make up is clearly visible with the link that follows. Looking at the image you will notice the genome is relatively small compared to other fungal species, which comes as a surprise. This genome includes mating genes, indicating the possibility of sexual reproduction, but many aspects of the genome make it apparent that this fungi is not self sufficient. By self sufficient, I mean the fungi have no genetic codes for the production of fatty acids which it needs to survive and grow. This is why the fungi relies on the host and lives in mostly oily areas of the body of its hosts. The genome sequence is pictured by this link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Click%20on%20image%20to%20zoom&p=PMC3&id=395553_emboj00072-0013-a.jpg

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

Like other eukaryotic organisms, the Malassezia globosa cell has a well-organized nucleus bound in a membrane. The nucleus contains double-stranded chromosomes that pass along DNA during reproduction. Unlike plants, Malassezia are heterotrophs that do not have chlorophyll, a vascular system or a cell wall made of cellulose.The cell structure and function of this fungi sets it apart from cells in plants, animals and bacteria. Malassezia are a unique, single-celled fungus that plays a major role in the food, beverage and pharmaceutical industry. When yeast cells are deprived of food, the cytoplasm in the cells becomes more acidic and proteins interact, causing the cytoplasm to become less fluid. Cell activity then slows to preserve the cell in the absence of an energy source. The fungi's genome does not code for the production of fatty acids which causes them to die without a host. Their typical habitat includes the surface of human skin and warm mammalian fur.

Ecology and Known Roles in Symbiosis

Malassezia globosa is found all over the human body. It plays a symbiotic role in digestion of lipids and excess fats on the surface of many mammals skin. It plays no role on the outside of our skin unless irritated. Once irritated it causes circular rashes in the skin and red sores that are painless. Its sister species however does play a crucial role in symbiotic cycles. This certain sister species of yeast emerges as hidden third partner in lichen symbiosis. Letharia vulpina, often found in Montana forests, is one of many lichen species worldwide that houses yeast as a third symbiotic partner, but Malassezia globosa have been found in a wide variety of habitats. They were first found on the surfaces of mammals however; In recent studies performed in Hawaii they are also found in coral reefs, which means its present in a diverse array of conditions. This is interesting because they feed on animals excess oils, meaning the reefs must contain a healthy source of lipids for the fungi to thrive in this habitat.

Fun Facts

The importance of malassezia is that it is apart of every humans daily life. The average person will have about 10 million of them on heir scalp at a time. The amount of Malassezia doesn't affect their malicious side effects on some humans skin. This fungi causes common skin rashes, which can be treated quickly. It causes dry scalp which affects many people, and causes dandruff which affects 45% of the United States adult population. Research is currently being done on Malasseazia by Head & Shoulders hair treatment company and the research has proven to be fruitful. The research suggests that dandruff is associated with the metabolic process of the fungi interacting with the mammals scalp and causing irritation.

References

Bosch TCG, Guillemin K, McFall-Ngai M (2019) Evolutionary "Experiments" in Symbiosis: The Study of Model Animals Provides Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying the Diversity of Host-Microbe Interactions. BioEssays 41:1800256

Malassezia Globosa- How the Cause of Dandruff Works. Head & Shoulders co.


Malassezia Globosa Taxonomy . NCBI Database

Author

This page was authored by Sara Joyce Willis as part of the 2020 UM Study USA led by Dr. Erik Hom at the University of Mississippi.