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Revision as of 17:31, 11 June 2006

Viral Biorealm


Editors:


Molly Schlemmer '08, Shrochis Karki '09, Daniel Barich '05, Ryotaro Tashiro '09


Virus Classification: The Baltimore System

Group I. Double-stranded DNA viruses

Replicate using host or viral DNA polymerase.

Non-enveloped bacteriophages: Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Tectiviridae.
Non-enveloped animal viruses: Adenoviridae, Papovaviridae, Phycodnaviridae, Iridoviridae.
Enveloped animal viruses: Herpesviridae, Poxviridae, Baculoviridae.


Group II. Single-stranded DNA

Genome consists of (+) sense DNA. Requires a host DNA polymerase to generate the complementary strand. Non-enveloped.

Non-enveloped bacteriophages: Inoviridae.
Archaeal virus: Fusellovirus.
Non-enveloped animal viruses: Parvoviridae, Circoviridae.
Non-enveloped plant viruses: Geminiviridae.


Group III. Double-stranded RNA

Requires viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; usually packages the polymerase before exiting host cell.

Non-segmented, enveloped, bacteriophage: Cystoviridae.
Segmented, non-enveloped, animal and plant hosts: Reoviridae, Birnaviridae, Varicosaviridae.


Group IV. (+) Sense single-stranded RNA viruses

Require viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to generate (-) template for progeny (+) genome. Usually non-segmented.

Non-enveloped bacteriophages: Leviviridae.
Non-enveloped animal and plant viruses: Bromoviridae, Picornaviridae, Tobamoviridae, Potyviridae.
Enveloped animal and plant viruses: Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Togaviridae.


Group V. (-) Sense single-stranded RNA viruses

Require viral RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase.

Segmented, enveloped: Orthomyxoviridae.
Nonsegmented, enveloped: Filoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Paramyxoviridae.
Segmented (+/-) strand enveloped: Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae.


Group VI. RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses (Retroviruses)

Require viral reverse transcriptase to generate DNA copy for integration into host chromosome. Package transcriptase before exiting host cell.

Retroviridae


Group VII. DNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses (Pararetroviruses)

DNA is transcribed to RNA intermediate; reverse-transcribed to DNA. Infects plant cells, which have cytoplasmic reverse transcriptase; or package a viral reverse transcriptase.

Non-enveloped plant viruses: Caulimoviridae, Badnaviridae.
Enveloped animal viruses: Hepadnaviridae.