View source for Three Domains of Life

{{CuratedList}}
__NOTOC__
<center>
=='''<font size="5" color="#55075D"><br /> Three Domains of Life </font>'''==
Microbes are found in all three domains of life: bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.<br>
Diverse species of the three domains are explored in '''[[Microbial Biorealm]]'''.<br>
You can also explore the three domains through the [[Taxonomy Index]].
{| width="684" border="1" align="center"
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" |
| class="Normal" colspan="3" width="493" valign="top" |
'''<font color="red">All cells on Earth resemble each other</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Chromosomal material</font>'''
| class="Normal" colspan="3" width="493" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Double-stranded DNA</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">RNA transcription</font>'''
| class="Normal" colspan="3" width="493" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Common ancestral RNA polymerase</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Translation</font>'''
| class="Normal" colspan="3" width="493" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Common ancestral rRNAs and elongation factors</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Protein</font>'''
| class="Normal" colspan="3" width="493" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Common ancestral functional domains</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Cell structure</font>'''
| class="Normal" colspan="3" width="493" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Aqueous cell compartment bounded by a membrane</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" rowspan="2" width="191" bgcolor="#E6E6E6" valign="top" |
| class="Normal" width="168" bgcolor="#FFCCFF" valign="top" |
'''[[Microbial Biorealm#Microbial Phylogeny|Bacteria]]'''
| class="Normal" width="175" bgcolor="#CCCCFF" valign="top" |
'''[[Microbial Biorealm#Microbial Phylogeny|Archaea]]'''
| class="Normal" width="150" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" valign="top" |
'''[[Microbial Biorealm#Microbial Phylogeny|Eukaryotes]]'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" colspan="2" width="343" valign="top" |
'''<font color="red">Archaea resemble Bacteria</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="150" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" valign="top" |
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Cell volume</font>'''
| class="Normal" colspan="2" width="343" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">1 to 100 μm<sup>3</sup> (usually)</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="150" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">1 to 10<sup>6</sup> μm<sup>3</sup></font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">DNA chromosome</font>'''
| class="Normal" colspan="2" width="343" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Circular (usually)</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="150" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Linear</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" height="41" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Gene organization</font>'''
| class="Normal" colspan="2" width="343" height="41" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Multi-gene operons; few introns</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="150" height="41" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Single genes;<br /></font>''' '''<font color="windowtext">Many introns</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Metabolism</font>'''
| class="Normal" colspan="2" width="343" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Denitrification, N<sub>2</sub> fixation, lithotrophy, respiration and fermentation</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="150" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Respiration and fermentation</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Nuclear membrane</font>'''
| class="Normal" colspan="2" width="343" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">None (nucleoid)</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="150" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Nuclear membrane</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Multicellularity</font>'''
| class="Normal" colspan="2" width="343" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Simple </font>'''
| class="Normal" width="150" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Complex </font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" bgcolor="#E6E6E6" valign="top" |
| class="Normal" width="168" bgcolor="#FFCCFF" valign="top" |
| class="Normal" colspan="2" width="325" valign="top" |
'''<font color="red">Archaea resemble Eukaryotes</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" height="40" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Monomolecular cell wall</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="168" height="40" bgcolor="#FFCCFF" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Peptidoglycan<br /></font>''' '''<font color="windowtext">(nearly always)</font>'''
| class="Normal" colspan="2" width="325" height="40" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Absent in most species<br /></font>''' '''<font color="windowtext">(Methanogens have pseudopeptidoglycan)</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" height="32" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Ribosome sensitivity to<br /></font>''' '''<font color="windowtext">Cam, Kan, and Str</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="168" height="32" bgcolor="#FFCCFF" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Sensitive</font>'''
| class="Normal" colspan="2" width="325" height="32" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Resistant</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Translation initiator</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="168" bgcolor="#FFCCFF" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Formyl-Met</font>'''
| class="Normal" colspan="2" width="325" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Methionine (except mitochondrial F-Met)</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">RNA polymerase</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="168" bgcolor="#FFCCFF" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Bacterial</font>'''
| class="Normal" colspan="2" width="325" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Eukaryotic</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Transcription factors</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="168" bgcolor="#FFCCFF" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Bacterial</font>'''
| class="Normal" colspan="2" width="325" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Eukaryotic</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" bgcolor="#E6E6E6" valign="top" |
| class="Normal" colspan="3" width="493" valign="top" |
'''<font color="red">Archaea Differ from Bacteria and Eukaryotes</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Methanogenesis</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="168" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">No</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="175" bgcolor="#CCCCFF" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Yes</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="150" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">No</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Highest temperature growth</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="168" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">> 90ºC</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="175" bgcolor="#CCCCFF" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">> 110ºC</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="150" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">> 60ºC</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" height="40" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Photosynthesis</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="168" height="40" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Many species.<br /></font>''' '''<font color="windowtext">Bacteriochlorophyll</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="175" height="40" bgcolor="#CCCCFF" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Halobacteria only;<br /></font>''' '''<font color="windowtext">bacteriorhodopsin </font>'''
| class="Normal" width="150" height="40" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Many species; bacterial origin.<br /> Chlorophyll, in Chloroplasts</font>''' '''<font color="windowtext"> (prokaryotic in organization)</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Chlorophyll light absorption </font>'''
| class="Normal" width="168" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Red and blue</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="175" bgcolor="#CCCCFF" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Green</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="150" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Red and blue</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" height="33" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Membrane lipids (major)</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="168" height="33" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Ester-linked<br /></font>''' '''<font color="windowtext">fatty acids</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="175" height="33" bgcolor="#CCCCFF" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Ether-linked isoprenoids</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="150" height="33" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Ester-linked<br /></font>''' '''<font color="windowtext">fatty acids</font>'''
|- align="center"
| class="Normal" width="191" height="29" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Pathogens that infect<br /></font>''' '''<font color="windowtext">animals or plants</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="168" height="29" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Many pathogens</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="175" height="29" bgcolor="#CCCCFF" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">No pathogens</font>'''
| class="Normal" width="150" height="29" valign="top" |
'''<font color="windowtext">Many pathogens</font>'''
|}</center>