The Increasing Prevalence of Clostridium Difficile in North America: Difference between revisions

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==Section==
==Section==
[[Image:PHIL_1181_lores.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the [http://www.cdc.gov/ CDC].]]
[[Image:C_Diff.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the [http://www.cdc.gov/ CDC].]]
<br>By Aly Palia <br>
<br>By Aly Palia <br>
<br>Clostridium difficile infection, or CDI, has become more prevalent through both the United States and Canada in recent years. The infection is spread by spores of the bacteria Clostridium difficile, also known as C. diff. The bacteria themselves are very common in the soil and can be found in the human intestine. In fact, C. difficile exists in around 2-5% of the adult population (1). When they are in a stressful environment, the bacteria will produce spores that can tolerate more extreme conditions than the bacteria themselves. The bacteria become pathogenic when these spores are produced in the human gut. The spores contain toxins, such as enterotoxin (Clostridium difficile toxin A) and cytotoxin (Clostridium difficile toxin B). (1) Patients with these spores can have diarrhea and inflammation in the body. While the majority of the infections from C. diff can be treated with antibiotics, there are some strains that are increasing in their antibiotic resistance (2) . Thus, many patients with CDIs aren’t able to receive adequate treatment for their infections, so many cases are becoming more severe.  
<br>Clostridium difficile infection, or CDI, has become more prevalent through both the United States and Canada in recent years. The infection is spread by spores of the bacteria Clostridium difficile, also known as C. diff. The bacteria themselves are very common in the soil and can be found in the human intestine. In fact, C. difficile exists in around 2-5% of the adult population (1). When they are in a stressful environment, the bacteria will produce spores that can tolerate more extreme conditions than the bacteria themselves. The bacteria become pathogenic when these spores are produced in the human gut. The spores contain toxins, such as enterotoxin (Clostridium difficile toxin A) and cytotoxin (Clostridium difficile toxin B). (1) Patients with these spores can have diarrhea and inflammation in the body. While the majority of the infections from C. diff can be treated with antibiotics, there are some strains that are increasing in their antibiotic resistance (2) . Thus, many patients with CDIs aren’t able to receive adequate treatment for their infections, so many cases are becoming more severe.  

Revision as of 15:29, 5 April 2017

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File:C Diff.jpg
Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.


By Aly Palia

Clostridium difficile infection, or CDI, has become more prevalent through both the United States and Canada in recent years. The infection is spread by spores of the bacteria Clostridium difficile, also known as C. diff. The bacteria themselves are very common in the soil and can be found in the human intestine. In fact, C. difficile exists in around 2-5% of the adult population (1). When they are in a stressful environment, the bacteria will produce spores that can tolerate more extreme conditions than the bacteria themselves. The bacteria become pathogenic when these spores are produced in the human gut. The spores contain toxins, such as enterotoxin (Clostridium difficile toxin A) and cytotoxin (Clostridium difficile toxin B). (1) Patients with these spores can have diarrhea and inflammation in the body. While the majority of the infections from C. diff can be treated with antibiotics, there are some strains that are increasing in their antibiotic resistance (2) . Thus, many patients with CDIs aren’t able to receive adequate treatment for their infections, so many cases are becoming more severe.

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  1. ↑ Hodgkin, J. and Partridge, F.A. "Caenorhabditis elegans meets microsporidia: the nematode killers from Paris." 2008. PLoS Biology 6:2634-2637.
  2. ↑ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.



Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski, 2017, Kenyon College.

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