Effects of Scleroderma on Human Microbiome: Difference between revisions

From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 3: Line 3:
Scleroderma (or systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune rheumatological disorder in which hardening of the skin and other organs occurs through increased amounts of collagen in the skin. <ref>[https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0928468018303924?token=8F02A57093F6C8AE3F082EBD1B190C612F7F84CDF702F29BD6BE6A3BF5D1AFB5E60593EDF69565862C3C69E54EEDAFBA&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=20211106180118=PDF Singh, Deependra, Arun KS Parihar, Satish Patel, Shikha Srivastava, Prakriti Diwan, and Manju R. Singh. 2019. “Scleroderma: An Insight into Causes, Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies.” <i>Pathophysiology</i> 26 (2): 103–14.] </ref> Additionally, there are significant impacts on the vascular system by this hardening. There are two types of scleroderma, localized and systemic. Localized is when the hardening occurs exclusively in the skin and muscular tissues. Systemic occurs when the hardening is widespread throughout many organs in the body. Additionally, there are a variety of factors suggested in the pathogenesis of scleroderma, namely, environmental, genetic, and oxidative stressors. Further, sex is known to be a major risk factor for scleroderma and autoimmune disorders in general, with autoimmune disorders occurring in those of the female sex at double the frequency. <ref> [https://www.cureus.com/articles/31952-the-prevalence-of-autoimmune-disorders-in-women-a-narrative-review=PDF Angum, Fariha, Tahir Khan, Jasndeep Kaler, Lena Siddiqui, and Azhar Hussain. 2020. “The Prevalence of Autoimmune Disorders in Women: A Narrative Review.” Cureus, May.]</ref> A potential cause of these sex disparities is the difference in the human microbiome between the sexes. It has been noted that autoimmunity is able to be characterized by changes in the gut microbiome. Moreover, these changes occur more frequently in the female sex.<ref>[https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1521661615001576?token=4EFC97E26924F1784391E11D7B4489E5542AC39C7ED230D27CDF381936DD35E609E6302A465443F0DE5BCD10AF13A26C&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=20211106181020 Gomez, Andres, David Luckey, and Veena Taneja. 2015. “The Gut Microbiome in Autoimmunity: Sex Matters.” <i>Clinical Immunology</i> 159 (2): 154–62.]</ref><br><br>
Scleroderma (or systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune rheumatological disorder in which hardening of the skin and other organs occurs through increased amounts of collagen in the skin. <ref>[https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0928468018303924?token=8F02A57093F6C8AE3F082EBD1B190C612F7F84CDF702F29BD6BE6A3BF5D1AFB5E60593EDF69565862C3C69E54EEDAFBA&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=20211106180118=PDF Singh, Deependra, Arun KS Parihar, Satish Patel, Shikha Srivastava, Prakriti Diwan, and Manju R. Singh. 2019. “Scleroderma: An Insight into Causes, Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies.” <i>Pathophysiology</i> 26 (2): 103–14.] </ref> Additionally, there are significant impacts on the vascular system by this hardening. There are two types of scleroderma, localized and systemic. Localized is when the hardening occurs exclusively in the skin and muscular tissues. Systemic occurs when the hardening is widespread throughout many organs in the body. Additionally, there are a variety of factors suggested in the pathogenesis of scleroderma, namely, environmental, genetic, and oxidative stressors. Further, sex is known to be a major risk factor for scleroderma and autoimmune disorders in general, with autoimmune disorders occurring in those of the female sex at double the frequency. <ref> [https://www.cureus.com/articles/31952-the-prevalence-of-autoimmune-disorders-in-women-a-narrative-review=PDF Angum, Fariha, Tahir Khan, Jasndeep Kaler, Lena Siddiqui, and Azhar Hussain. 2020. “The Prevalence of Autoimmune Disorders in Women: A Narrative Review.” Cureus, May.]</ref> A potential cause of these sex disparities is the difference in the human microbiome between the sexes. It has been noted that autoimmunity is able to be characterized by changes in the gut microbiome. Moreover, these changes occur more frequently in the female sex.<ref>[https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1521661615001576?token=4EFC97E26924F1784391E11D7B4489E5542AC39C7ED230D27CDF381936DD35E609E6302A465443F0DE5BCD10AF13A26C&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=20211106181020 Gomez, Andres, David Luckey, and Veena Taneja. 2015. “The Gut Microbiome in Autoimmunity: Sex Matters.” <i>Clinical Immunology</i> 159 (2): 154–62.]</ref><br><br>


[[Image:Scleroderma Pathogenesis Image.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333197287_Scleroderma_An_insight_into_causes_pathogenesis_and_treatment_strategies].]]
[[Image:Scleroderma Pathogenesis Image.jpg|thumb|300px|left|A diagram of potential mechanisms for the development of scleroderma. Shown are pollution, genetic factors, and oxidative stress.[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333197287_Scleroderma_An_insight_into_causes_pathogenesis_and_treatment_strategies].]]


Select a topic about genetics or evolution in a specific organism or ecosystem.<br>
Select a topic about genetics or evolution in a specific organism or ecosystem.<br>

Revision as of 14:08, 7 November 2021

Introduction

Scleroderma (or systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune rheumatological disorder in which hardening of the skin and other organs occurs through increased amounts of collagen in the skin. [1] Additionally, there are significant impacts on the vascular system by this hardening. There are two types of scleroderma, localized and systemic. Localized is when the hardening occurs exclusively in the skin and muscular tissues. Systemic occurs when the hardening is widespread throughout many organs in the body. Additionally, there are a variety of factors suggested in the pathogenesis of scleroderma, namely, environmental, genetic, and oxidative stressors. Further, sex is known to be a major risk factor for scleroderma and autoimmune disorders in general, with autoimmune disorders occurring in those of the female sex at double the frequency. [2] A potential cause of these sex disparities is the difference in the human microbiome between the sexes. It has been noted that autoimmunity is able to be characterized by changes in the gut microbiome. Moreover, these changes occur more frequently in the female sex.[3]

A diagram of potential mechanisms for the development of scleroderma. Shown are pollution, genetic factors, and oxidative stress.[1].

Select a topic about genetics or evolution in a specific organism or ecosystem.
The topic must include one section about microbes (bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists). This is easy because all organisms and ecosystems have microbes.

Compose a title for your page.
Type your exact title in the Search window, then press Go. The MicrobeWiki will invite you to create a new page with this title.

Open the BIOL 116 Class 2021 template page in "edit."
Copy ALL the text from the edit window.
Then go to YOUR OWN page; edit tab. PASTE into your own page, and edit.

Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.[2].


At right is a sample image insertion. It works for any image uploaded anywhere to MicrobeWiki. The insertion code consists of:
Double brackets: [[
Filename: PHIL_1181_lores.jpg
Thumbnail status: |thumb|
Pixel size: |300px|
Placement on page: |right|
Legend/credit: Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.
Closed double brackets: ]]

Other examples:
Bold
Italic
Subscript: H2O
Superscript: Fe3+



I don't know

Section 1 Genetics

Include some current research, with at least one image.

Sample citations: [4] [5]

A citation code consists of a hyperlinked reference within "ref" begin and end codes.

[6]

Section 2 Microbiome=

Include some current research, with a second image.

Conclusion

Overall text length (all text sections) should be at least 1,000 words (before counting references), with at least 2 images.

Include at least 5 references under References section.

References

  1. ↑ Singh, Deependra, Arun KS Parihar, Satish Patel, Shikha Srivastava, Prakriti Diwan, and Manju R. Singh. 2019. “Scleroderma: An Insight into Causes, Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies.” Pathophysiology 26 (2): 103–14.
  2. ↑ Angum, Fariha, Tahir Khan, Jasndeep Kaler, Lena Siddiqui, and Azhar Hussain. 2020. “The Prevalence of Autoimmune Disorders in Women: A Narrative Review.” Cureus, May.
  3. ↑ Gomez, Andres, David Luckey, and Veena Taneja. 2015. “The Gut Microbiome in Autoimmunity: Sex Matters.” Clinical Immunology 159 (2): 154–62.
  4. ↑ Hodgkin, J. and Partridge, F.A. "Caenorhabditis elegans meets microsporidia: the nematode killers from Paris." 2008. PLoS Biology 6:2634-2637.
  5. ↑ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.
  6. ↑ Lee G, Low RI, Amsterdam EA, Demaria AN, Huber PW, Mason DT. Hemodynamic effects of morphine and nalbuphine in acute myocardial infarction. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 1981 May;29(5):576-81.


Edited by Andrew Van Horn, student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 116 Information in Living Systems, 2021, Kenyon College.

Retrieved from "https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Effects_of_Scleroderma_on_Human_Microbiome&oldid=148967"