Mycoplasma Salivarium: Difference between revisions
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==Genome Structure== | ==Genome Structure== | ||
There is growing evidence that the CRISPR/Cas systems in the human oral microbiome contain not just a canonical immune defense mechanism, but also multiple alternative mechanisms that can affect bacterial physiological functions like DNA repair, resistance gene acquisition, regulation of interspecific competition and intraspecific diversification, and gene expression regulation. | |||
Under the right circumstances, several Mycoplasma species have been reported to fuse with the host cells, during which the host cells' ability to function is compromised. It was assumed that the essential element supporting this process was the presence of mycoplasma nucleases, which may destroy the DNA of host cells. The presence of bottle-shaped M. salivarium cells in epithelial cells under electron microscopy indicated a fusion between the mycoplasma cells and the host cells' cytoplasm. The replication-associated recombination protein A (rarA) gene and the F0F1 ATP synthase subunit epsilon (ATP5F1E) gene are where the M. salivarium CRISPR/Cas system is situated. Researchers also discovered that the cas9 gene is disrupted by a frameshift mutation, which results in a UAA stop codon in the midst of the cas9 gene sequence. The crRNA-guided endonuclease activity of cas9 may be compromised by this frame-shift mutation. | |||
==Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle== | ==Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle== | ||
Revision as of 04:19, 16 November 2022
Classification
Bacteria; Mycoplasmatota; Mollicutes; Mycoplasmatales; Mycoplasmataceae [Others may be used. Use NCBI link to find]
Species
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NCBI: [1] |
Mycoplasma Mycoplasma salivarium
Description and Significance
The smallest known species of bacterium is Mycoplasma salivarium (type strain 23064), commonly known as Asterococcus salivarius or Schizoplasma salivarium. Since they lack a cell wall, they are susceptible to several conventional antibiotics like penicillin. Binary fission allows M. salivarium to multiply, but because division is not always timed with genome replication, multinucleate filaments and various forms can emerge. They have a diameter of between 200 and 250 nm and are approximately spherical or bottle-shaped. It is thought to be a communicational organism and a component of the oral flora because it is present in practically every mouth of a healthy population.
However, Mycoplasma salivarium has also been linked to periodontal disease, septic arthritis, eye and ear diseases, and oral infections. This species has been isolated from the synovial fluid of both monkeys and people with chronic arthritis. It came from a biliary stent and was recovered. Additionally, it was found in the pleural cavity of a man who was hospitalized and did not react to the standard course of therapy with conventional antibiotics. Additionally, it has been grown from brain abscesses. It has also recently been reported as a prevalent occurrence in patients with ventilator-acquired pneumonia, a severe illness that can occur in ICU patients, and it may have a role in reducing the immune response to other pathogens, allowing opportunistic infections to develop.
Genome Structure
There is growing evidence that the CRISPR/Cas systems in the human oral microbiome contain not just a canonical immune defense mechanism, but also multiple alternative mechanisms that can affect bacterial physiological functions like DNA repair, resistance gene acquisition, regulation of interspecific competition and intraspecific diversification, and gene expression regulation. Under the right circumstances, several Mycoplasma species have been reported to fuse with the host cells, during which the host cells' ability to function is compromised. It was assumed that the essential element supporting this process was the presence of mycoplasma nucleases, which may destroy the DNA of host cells. The presence of bottle-shaped M. salivarium cells in epithelial cells under electron microscopy indicated a fusion between the mycoplasma cells and the host cells' cytoplasm. The replication-associated recombination protein A (rarA) gene and the F0F1 ATP synthase subunit epsilon (ATP5F1E) gene are where the M. salivarium CRISPR/Cas system is situated. Researchers also discovered that the cas9 gene is disrupted by a frameshift mutation, which results in a UAA stop codon in the midst of the cas9 gene sequence. The crRNA-guided endonuclease activity of cas9 may be compromised by this frame-shift mutation.
Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle
Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.
Ecology and Pathogenesis
Habitat; symbiosis; biogeochemical significance; contributions to environment.
If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.
References
Author
Page authored by _____, student of Prof. Bradley Tolar at UNC Wilmington.
