Shewanella Haliotis: Difference between revisions

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==Description and Significance==
==Description and Significance==


Describe the appearance, habitat, etc. of the organism, and why you think it is important.
 
Shewanella Haliotis is a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacteria that reside in the gut biomes of Abalones, which are edible sea snails. The snails are primarily found in Yeosu, South Korea. However, they can live in any warm, marine environment, like Thailand. This is an important bacteria because it infects dairy products and undercooked or raw fish. It can cause extreme necrosis along with fevers, chills, swelling, soreness and erythema (severe rashes.) The strain they originally discovered was also immune to the antibiotics Penicillin and Vancomycin.
Shewanella Haliotis is a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacteria that reside in the gut biomes of Abalones, which are edible sea snails. The snails are primarily found in Yeosu, South Korea. However, they can live in any warm, marine environment, like Thailand. This is an important bacteria because it infects dairy products and undercooked or raw fish. It can cause extreme necrosis along with fevers, chills, swelling, soreness and erythema (severe rashes.) The strain they originally discovered was also immune to the antibiotics Penicillin and Vancomycin.
Pictured here are Abalones, the sea snails that the bacteria reside in naturally.
[[File:Abalone.jpg]]


==Genome Structure==
==Genome Structure==


Describe the size and content of the genome.  How many chromosomes?  Circular or linear?  Other interesting features?  What is known about its sequence?


Shewanella Haliotis has a genome with 4.99 Mb, which is average amongst bacteria. It has a circular genome. There were no plasmids discovered within the cell. The genes that were most prevalent within the genome were used for genetic information, environmental and cellular information processing, and signaling.
Shewanella Haliotis has a genome with 4.99 Mb, which is average amongst bacteria. It has a circular genome. There were no plasmids discovered within the cell. The genes that were most prevalent within the genome were used for genetic information, environmental and cellular information processing, and signaling.
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==Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle==
==Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle==


Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.
It's a gram-negative cell, which means it has a thin, peptidoglycan layer and a thicker cell membrane. They gain energy from oxygen but in environments with little to no oxygen, such as space, they can gain their energy from metal. A byproduct of their metabolism is electricity, which water treatment and space programs are trying to use to break down their waste and get power in return.
It's a gram-negative cell, which means it has a thin, peptidoglycan layer and a thicker cell membrane. They gain energy from oxygen but in environments with little to no oxygen, such as space, they can gain their energy from metal. A byproduct of their metabolism is electricity, which water treatment and space programs are trying to use to break down their waste and get power in return.


==Ecology and Pathogenesis==
==Ecology and Pathogenesis==


Habitat; symbiosis; biogeochemical significance; contributions to environment.<br>
This organism typically lives in warm, ocean environments, primarily inhabiting the gut biomes of edible sea snails called Abalones. They are usually found in Korea and Thailand. While a symbiote for the snails, they are very harmful to humans. They can inhabit the fish or people who eat the snails. They help break down waste or toxic metals in the environment, causing the substances to be less toxic to the environment.
 
They cause disease in humans through contact with contaminated sea water or through the ingestion of raw or undercooked fish. Very little is known about Shewanella Haliotis so they haven't determined a virulence factor. However, it is more virulent than other organisms of the same species. When a person is infected it can cause fevers, chills, swelling, soreness, rashes, and extreme necrosis.


If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.<br><br>
The pictures below are from a woman in Thailand infected by this bacteria. On the left shows the swelling causes by the disease, and the right is of the necrosis she suffered. Her infection was caused by eating undercooked fish.  
This organism typically lives in warm, ocean environments, primarily inhabiting the gut biomes of edible sea snails called Abalones. They are usually found in Korea and Thailand. While a symbiote for the snails, they are very harmful to humans. They can inhabit the fish or people who eat the snails. They help break down waste or toxic metals in the environment, causing the substances to be less toxic to the environment.  


They cause disease in humans through contact with contaminated sea water or through the ingestion of raw or undercooked fish. Very little is known about Shewanella Haliotis so they haven't determined a virulence factor. However, it is more virulent than other organisms of the same species.
[[File:Shewanella_haliotsis_soft_tissue_infection.jpg]]


==References==
==References==


[Sample reference] [http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/50/2/489 Takai, K., Sugai, A., Itoh, T., and Horikoshi, K. "''Palaeococcus ferrophilus'' gen. nov., sp. nov., a barophilic, hyperthermophilic archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney". ''International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology''. 2000. Volume 50. p. 489-500.]
“Shewanella Haliotis.” Wikipedia, 21 Sept. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shewanella_haliotis.
 
Lizárraga, Wendy C., et al. “Complete Genome Sequence of Shewanella Algae Strain 2NE11, a Decolorizing Bacterium Isolated from Industrial Effluent in Peru.” Biotechnology Reports, vol. 33, 31 Jan. 2022, p. e00704, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8816663/, 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00704. Accessed 13 Nov. 2022.
 
“Shewanella.” Wikipedia, 11 Mar. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shewanella#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20roles%20that%20the%20genus%20Shewanella. Accessed 13 Nov. 2022.
 
“Shewanella Algae - an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics.” Www.sciencedirect.com, www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/shewanella-algae#:~:text=Virulence%20factors%20for%20Shewanella%20clinical%20isolates%20are%20largely. Accessed 13 Nov. 2022.
 
‌Johnson, Michael. “Getting More out of Microbes: Studying Shewanella in Microgravity.” NASA, 5 Aug. 2018, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/shewanella_microgravity.
 
Poovorawan, Kittiyod, et al. “Shewanella HaliotisAssociated with Severe Soft Tissue Infection, Thailand, 2012.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol. 19, no. 6, June 2013, pp. 1019–1021, wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/19/6/12-1607_article, 10.3201/eid1906.121607. Accessed 13 Jan. 2020.
 
 




==Author==
==Author==

Latest revision as of 15:33, 5 December 2022

This student page has not been curated.
Legend. Image credit: Wikipedia.


Classification

Domain; Bacteria Phylum; Pseudomonadota Class; Gammaproteobacteria Order; Ateromonadales Family; Shewanellaceae Genus; Shewanella


Species

NCBI: [1]


Shewanella Haliotis

Description and Significance

Shewanella Haliotis is a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacteria that reside in the gut biomes of Abalones, which are edible sea snails. The snails are primarily found in Yeosu, South Korea. However, they can live in any warm, marine environment, like Thailand. This is an important bacteria because it infects dairy products and undercooked or raw fish. It can cause extreme necrosis along with fevers, chills, swelling, soreness and erythema (severe rashes.) The strain they originally discovered was also immune to the antibiotics Penicillin and Vancomycin.

Pictured here are Abalones, the sea snails that the bacteria reside in naturally. Abalone.jpg

Genome Structure

Shewanella Haliotis has a genome with 4.99 Mb, which is average amongst bacteria. It has a circular genome. There were no plasmids discovered within the cell. The genes that were most prevalent within the genome were used for genetic information, environmental and cellular information processing, and signaling.

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

It's a gram-negative cell, which means it has a thin, peptidoglycan layer and a thicker cell membrane. They gain energy from oxygen but in environments with little to no oxygen, such as space, they can gain their energy from metal. A byproduct of their metabolism is electricity, which water treatment and space programs are trying to use to break down their waste and get power in return.

Ecology and Pathogenesis

This organism typically lives in warm, ocean environments, primarily inhabiting the gut biomes of edible sea snails called Abalones. They are usually found in Korea and Thailand. While a symbiote for the snails, they are very harmful to humans. They can inhabit the fish or people who eat the snails. They help break down waste or toxic metals in the environment, causing the substances to be less toxic to the environment.

They cause disease in humans through contact with contaminated sea water or through the ingestion of raw or undercooked fish. Very little is known about Shewanella Haliotis so they haven't determined a virulence factor. However, it is more virulent than other organisms of the same species. When a person is infected it can cause fevers, chills, swelling, soreness, rashes, and extreme necrosis.

The pictures below are from a woman in Thailand infected by this bacteria. On the left shows the swelling causes by the disease, and the right is of the necrosis she suffered. Her infection was caused by eating undercooked fish.

Shewanella haliotsis soft tissue infection.jpg

References

“Shewanella Haliotis.” Wikipedia, 21 Sept. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shewanella_haliotis.

Lizárraga, Wendy C., et al. “Complete Genome Sequence of Shewanella Algae Strain 2NE11, a Decolorizing Bacterium Isolated from Industrial Effluent in Peru.” Biotechnology Reports, vol. 33, 31 Jan. 2022, p. e00704, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8816663/, 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00704. Accessed 13 Nov. 2022.

“Shewanella.” Wikipedia, 11 Mar. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shewanella#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20roles%20that%20the%20genus%20Shewanella. Accessed 13 Nov. 2022.

‌ “Shewanella Algae - an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics.” Www.sciencedirect.com, www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/shewanella-algae#:~:text=Virulence%20factors%20for%20Shewanella%20clinical%20isolates%20are%20largely. Accessed 13 Nov. 2022.

‌Johnson, Michael. “Getting More out of Microbes: Studying Shewanella in Microgravity.” NASA, 5 Aug. 2018, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/shewanella_microgravity.

Poovorawan, Kittiyod, et al. “Shewanella HaliotisAssociated with Severe Soft Tissue Infection, Thailand, 2012.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol. 19, no. 6, June 2013, pp. 1019–1021, wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/19/6/12-1607_article, 10.3201/eid1906.121607. Accessed 13 Jan. 2020.

‌ ‌

Author

Page authored by Ben Martin, student of Prof. Bradley Tolar at UNC Wilmington.