Sjögren Syndrome

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Introduction

Sjögren’s syndrome is a human autoimmune disease affecting 4 million Americans today, which causes disruption in the exocrine glands (Mayo, Rhodes). Salivary and lacrimal glands are among the most adversely affected, which leads to characteristic symptoms such as dry mouth (xerostomia) and dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or KCS) (Trujillo). In turn, xerostomia and KCS lead to high susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens such as Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Mun, Anil). Until recently, limited public awareness has prevented focused research and treatments efforts (Rhodes).

History

Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.

Figure 1. Dr. Henrik Sjögren around the age of 35.

Symptoms

Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.

Figure 2. Tongue of a patient with Sjögren's syndrome.

Causes

Figure 3. Lymphocytic infiltration in bronchial glands. Lymphocytes are dyed dark purple, and infiltration rate increases from grade 0 to grade 3.

Diagnosis

Figure 4. Image showing the location of many symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome.

Complications

Figure 5. A patient with oral thrush.

Microbial Consequences

Yeast Infection

Figure 6. Scanning EM photo of Lactobacillus paracasei.

Dry Eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)

Figure 7. Scanning EM photo of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Dry Mouth (xerostomia)

Figure 8. Scanning EM photo of Candida albicans.

Public Awareness

Figure 9. Venus Williams during a tennis match.

References

Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski, 2023, Kenyon College