Muricauda abyssi

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Legend. Image credit: MDPI.

Classification

Bacteria; Bacteroidota; Flavobacteriia; Flavobacteriales; Flavobacteriaceae; Muricauda

Species

Muricauda abyssi

Genus Muricauda

NCBI: [1]

Description and Significance

Muricauda abyssi is a novel, non-motile, rod-shaped gram-negative bacterium isolated in deep seawater from the Marina Trench, the deepest point in the Earth's oceans. (NIH, 2022.) M. abyssi is important to the genus Muricauda by identifying the highest with Muricauda oceani at 99.0% and allowing for research of relations between closely related type strains in the genus Muricauda (NIH, 2022.) M. abyssi are also important for modulating the process of photosynthesis. (NIH, 2018).

Genome Structure

Muricauda abyssi is designated as strain W52T with the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicating the microbes' relation to the members of the genus Muricauda with the major respiratory quinone being MK-6 demonstrating a biomarker for the bacterial community M. abyssi resides in (NIH, 2022.) The polar lipids in M. abyssi are phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and there were three unidentified lipids and one unidentified amino lipid with iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. (NIH, 2022). The makeup of these structures allows for M. abyssi to appear in yellow, circular colonies. This genome sequencing allows for surviving cold temperatures and resisting Ultraviolet Radiation.

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

Muricauda abyssi are small gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that form microscopic yellow colonies and synthesize zeaxanthin, which is a Zanthophyll that modulates the process of photosynthesis if a plant is overexposed to sunlight (NIH, 2018).

Ecology and Pathogenesis

Muricauda abyssi is a marine bacterium found in the deep seawater of the Marina Trench. All members of the Muricauda genus were originally isolated from salty environments including marine snow, hot springs, clouded seawater etc. M. abyssi help to synthesize zeaxanthin which protects nature and plants during photosynthesis from excessive sunlight (NIH, 2018).

References

Wang D, Wu Y, Liu Y, Liu B, Gao Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Huo Y, Tang A, Xu Y, Wei Y. Muricauda abyssi sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from deep seawater of the Mariana Trench. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2022 Dec;72(12). doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005615. PMID: 36748599.

Dong B, Zhu S, Chen T, Ren N, Chen X, Chen Y, Xue Z, Shen X, Huang Y, Yang J, Chen J. Muricauda oceani sp. nov., isolated from the East Pacific Ocean. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2020 Jun;70(6):3839-3844. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004241. PMID: 32496184.

Zheng, Y., & Sun, C. (2019). Draft Genome Sequences of Two Bacterial Strains, Muricauda sp. 72 and NH166, Isolated from the South China Sea and West Pacific Ocean. Microbiology resource announcements, 8(44), e01042-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01042-19

Murillo, A. G., Hu, S., & Fernandez, M. L. (2019). Zeaxanthin: Metabolism, Properties, and Antioxidant Protection of Eyes, Heart, Liver, and Skin. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 8(9), 390. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090390

Vizzotto, C. S., Lopes, F. A. C., Green, S. J., Steindorff, A. S., Walter, J. M., Thompson, F. L., & Krüger, R. H. (2018). Draft Genome Sequence of Muricauda sp. Strain K001 Isolated from a Marine Cyanobacterial Culture. Genome announcements, 6(22), e00451-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.00451-18

Author

Page authored by Trinity Butler, student of Prof. Bradley Tolar at UNC Wilmington.