Sheep's wool: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
Sheep (<i>Ovis aries</i>) have been selectively bred to continuously produce single coated wool fleece rather than coats composed of an outer hair layer and an inner wool layer.<ref>Ryder M. A survey of European primitive breeds of sheep. <i>Ann Genet Sel Anim.</i> 1981;13(4):381-418. doi:10.1186/1297-9686-13-4-38</ref> True wool, as opposed to hair, is characterised by its high follicle density in the skin, small diameter, and high crimp (waviness) <ref name="doyle"> | Sheep (<i>Ovis aries</i>) have been selectively bred to continuously produce single coated wool fleece rather than coats composed of an outer hair layer and an inner wool layer.<ref>Ryder M. A survey of European primitive breeds of sheep. <i>Ann Genet Sel Anim.</i> 1981;13(4):381-418. doi:10.1186/1297-9686-13-4-38</ref> True wool, as opposed to hair, is characterised by its high follicle density in the skin, small diameter, and high crimp (waviness) <ref name="doyle">Emma K Doyle, James W V Preston, Bruce A McGregor, Phil I Hynd, The science behind the wool industry. The importance and value of wool production from sheep, <i>Animal Frontiers,</i> Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 15–23, https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfab005</ref> | ||
==Genetic origin of Wool== | ==Genetic origin of Wool== | ||
The single woolly coat is recessive trait caused by the insertion of an antisense EIF2S2 retrogene (staszak and makalowska) into the 3′ untranslated region of the IRF2BP2 gene.<ref name="demars"> | The single woolly coat is recessive trait caused by the insertion of an antisense EIF2S2 retrogene (staszak and makalowska) into the 3′ untranslated region of the IRF2BP2 gene.<ref name="demars">Demars J, Cano M, Drouilhet L, et al. Genome-Wide Identification of the Mutation Underlying Fleece Variation and Discriminating Ancestral Hairy Species from Modern Woolly Sheep. <i>Mol Biol Evol.</i> 2017;34(7):1722-1729. doi:10.1093/molbev/msx114</ref> This gene mutation creates a chimeric IRF2BP2/asEIF2S2 RNA transcript that targets the genuine sense EIF2S2 mRNA and creates EIF2S2 dsRNA that regulates the production of EIF2S2 protein <ref name="demars"></ref>. Because woolly coats are caused by the non-production of EIF2S2 protein, they are a recessive trait. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 23:02, 10 December 2024
Introduction
Sheep (Ovis aries) have been selectively bred to continuously produce single coated wool fleece rather than coats composed of an outer hair layer and an inner wool layer.[1] True wool, as opposed to hair, is characterised by its high follicle density in the skin, small diameter, and high crimp (waviness) [2]
Genetic origin of Wool
The single woolly coat is recessive trait caused by the insertion of an antisense EIF2S2 retrogene (staszak and makalowska) into the 3′ untranslated region of the IRF2BP2 gene.[3] This gene mutation creates a chimeric IRF2BP2/asEIF2S2 RNA transcript that targets the genuine sense EIF2S2 mRNA and creates EIF2S2 dsRNA that regulates the production of EIF2S2 protein [3]. Because woolly coats are caused by the non-production of EIF2S2 protein, they are a recessive trait.
References
- ↑ Ryder M. A survey of European primitive breeds of sheep. Ann Genet Sel Anim. 1981;13(4):381-418. doi:10.1186/1297-9686-13-4-38
- ↑ Emma K Doyle, James W V Preston, Bruce A McGregor, Phil I Hynd, The science behind the wool industry. The importance and value of wool production from sheep, Animal Frontiers, Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 15–23, https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfab005
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Demars J, Cano M, Drouilhet L, et al. Genome-Wide Identification of the Mutation Underlying Fleece Variation and Discriminating Ancestral Hairy Species from Modern Woolly Sheep. Mol Biol Evol. 2017;34(7):1722-1729. doi:10.1093/molbev/msx114
Edited by Isaac Yu, student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 116, 2024, Kenyon College.
