Tuberculosis in Russian Prisons: Difference between revisions
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==Why Tuberculosis is so prevalent in Russia== | ==Why Tuberculosis is so prevalent in Russia== | ||
<br> Tuberculosis is a opportunistic infection, it exploits compromised immune systems. The compromising of immune systems can occur as the result of any of the following: sizable populations, lack of nutrition, the use of intravenous drugs, alcoholism and HIV/AIDS. <br><br>All of these risk factors can be found in Russia, particularly in Russian prisons. These prisons are overcrowded and in sordid conditions, consequences of severe penal codes and lack of funds. As a result, tuberculosis flourishes under these conditions. Moreover, prisoners are 58 times likelier to contract tuberculosis than the average Russian citizen and are 28 times likelier to die from the disease than the average Russian citizen.<br><br>As of 1999 the Russian prison population neared 1.1 million prisoners, of those prisoners 1 in 11 have tuberculosis. In addition, treatment is sporadic at best and consequently MDR strains have arisen affecting 20,000 prisoners. | <br> Tuberculosis is a opportunistic infection, it exploits compromised immune systems. The compromising of immune systems can occur as the result of any of the following: sizable populations, lack of nutrition, the use of intravenous drugs, alcoholism and HIV/AIDS. <br><br>All of these risk factors can be found in Russia, particularly in Russian prisons. These prisons are overcrowded and in sordid conditions, consequences of severe penal codes and lack of funds. As a result, tuberculosis flourishes under these conditions. Moreover, prisoners are 58 times likelier to contract tuberculosis than the average Russian citizen and are 28 times likelier to die from the disease than the average Russian citizen.<br><br>As of 1999 the Russian prison population neared 1.1 million prisoners, of those prisoners 1 in 11 have tuberculosis. In addition, treatment is sporadic at best and consequently MDR strains have arisen affecting 20,000 prisoners. | ||
<br>There are several contributing factors to prevalence of tuberculosis in Russia. The recent spike in cases is attributed to the combined affect of the fall of the Soviet Union and prisoners who are inadequately treated for TB being released back into society. As a result of the collapse of Russian infrastructure, alcoholism, unemployment, crime rate, incarceration rate and the movement in and out of prison all increased significantly. In addition, health and social services ceased to exist only exacerbating the problem at hand. The immune system is weakened through drugs, alcohol and inadequate nutrition. To highlight the consequences of the effects of crime, prisons were deemed "epidemological pumps" for the rest of Russian society. After being in cramped quarters inside prisons, released prisoners would return home to equally small apartment blocs. During the winters, these unventilated apartments served as breeding grounds for TB.<br> | |||
<br>Include some current research in each section.<br> | <br>Include some current research in each section.<br> | ||
Revision as of 17:36, 5 December 2009
Introduction
Authored by: Christopher Murphy
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Mycobaterium tuberculosis, better known as tuberculosis, is considered one of the most deadly infectious diseases.
Humans are tuberculosis's only reservoir, meaning that humans are the only compatible organism to host this infectious agent.
As a result, humans have suffered heavily from this disease. More specifically, the 17th and 18th centuries experienced the "White Palgue" in which about everyone had been infected and 25% of adult deaths could be attributed to tuberculosis.
In recent years there has been a reemergence of tuberculosis, one area severely affected by tuberculosis is Russia.
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Legend/credit: Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.
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Why Tuberculosis is so prevalent in Russia
Tuberculosis is a opportunistic infection, it exploits compromised immune systems. The compromising of immune systems can occur as the result of any of the following: sizable populations, lack of nutrition, the use of intravenous drugs, alcoholism and HIV/AIDS.
All of these risk factors can be found in Russia, particularly in Russian prisons. These prisons are overcrowded and in sordid conditions, consequences of severe penal codes and lack of funds. As a result, tuberculosis flourishes under these conditions. Moreover, prisoners are 58 times likelier to contract tuberculosis than the average Russian citizen and are 28 times likelier to die from the disease than the average Russian citizen.
As of 1999 the Russian prison population neared 1.1 million prisoners, of those prisoners 1 in 11 have tuberculosis. In addition, treatment is sporadic at best and consequently MDR strains have arisen affecting 20,000 prisoners.
There are several contributing factors to prevalence of tuberculosis in Russia. The recent spike in cases is attributed to the combined affect of the fall of the Soviet Union and prisoners who are inadequately treated for TB being released back into society. As a result of the collapse of Russian infrastructure, alcoholism, unemployment, crime rate, incarceration rate and the movement in and out of prison all increased significantly. In addition, health and social services ceased to exist only exacerbating the problem at hand. The immune system is weakened through drugs, alcohol and inadequate nutrition. To highlight the consequences of the effects of crime, prisons were deemed "epidemological pumps" for the rest of Russian society. After being in cramped quarters inside prisons, released prisoners would return home to equally small apartment blocs. During the winters, these unventilated apartments served as breeding grounds for TB.
Include some current research in each section.
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Sample Section 3
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Conclusion
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References
Edited by student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 191 Microbiology, 2009, Kenyon College.
