Bacillus infernus

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Thin-section electron micrograph of Bacillus infernus, sp. nov., isolated from ca. 2.7 km below land surface in the Taylorsville Basin. These new species proposed by D. R. Boone et al. (1995) are thermophilic, halotolerant, and Fe(III)- and Mn(IV)-reducing anaerobes. Photo from http://geoweb.princeton.edu/research/geomicrobio/bacteria.html

A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Bacillus infernus

Classification

Higher order taxa

Bacteria; Firmicutes; Bacilli; Bacillales; Bacillaceae; Bacillus

Species

Bacillus infernus, a hyperthermophile, found 2.65-2.77 km beneath the Earth's surface. Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy- Subsurface Microbial Collection.

Bacillus infernus

Nonmotile rods (including possible yet unconfirmed endospores) inhabiting the deep terrestrial subsurface of the Taylorsville, Virginia Triassic Basin. The organism is thermophilic, halotolerant, and slightly alkaliphilic. B. infernus is important because it can affect geochemical processes including transport of toxic chemicals similar to other subsurface microorganisms. B. infernus also possesses a “novel” metabolism perhaps useful in future bioremediation of the environment, biotechnology, and industry[1].

Genomic information

Entire genome not sequenced yet. 16S rDNA partial sequencing of two anaerobic strains (Th-22 and TH-23) have been studied via PCR amplification. The isolated portion contains nearly the entire gene; approximately 1500 base segments[1][2]. The study concluded B.infernus should be classified as a new Bacillus species based on RDP database information[1][2][3][4].

Tests with B. infernus reveal that the bacterium easily consumes and destroys Andromeda because of Andromeda's sulfur structure....SCIENTIFIC?? NO!!! BUT FUN?? YES!!! Photo from Wikipedia.

Cell and colony structure

Rods 0.7 to 0.8 by 4 to 8 μm. Endospores seem possible but as yet undetermined.

Metabolism

Growth is fermentative utilizing glucose or respiratory using formate, lactate, MnO2, FE3+, trimethylamine oxide, and nitrate as electron donors. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite but not further reduced to ammonia or N2. B. infernus is strictly anaerobic. The only known strict anaerobe known of the Bacillus genus.

Ecology

Deep terrestrial subsurface; Known samples obtained from depths of 2.65 to 2.77 km in the Taylorsville Triassic basin, Virginia.

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References

[1]Boone, D. R., Liu, Y., Zhao, Z., Balkwill, D. L., Drake, G. R., Stevens, T. O., & Aldrich, H. C. (1995). Bacillus infernus sp. nov., an fe(iii)- and mn(iv)-reducing anaerobe from the deep terrestrial subsurface. International journal of systematic bacteriology, 441-448. doi: 10.1099/00207713-45-3-441. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8590670

[2]Boone, D. R., Liu, Y., Zhao, Z. J., Balkwill, D. L., Drake, D. R., Stevens, T. O., & Aldrich, H. C. (2009, March 05). Bacillus infernus strain TH-23 16s ribosomal rna, partial sequence. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NR_027227.

[3]Balkwill D.L.,Bacillus infernus TH-22 16s small subunit rRNA gene, partial sequence. (1995, May 18). Retrieved from http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/U20384

[4]Balwill, D. L. (1195, July 9). Bacillus infernus sp. nov., an fe(iii)- and mn(iv)-reducing anaerobe from the deep terrestrial subsurface. Retrieved from http://rdp.cme.msu.edu/hierarchy/hierarchy_browser.jsp?qvector=65535&depth=0&openNode=0&seqid=&currentRoot=2268&searchStr=bacillus%20infernus&endDataValue=&showOpt=

Edited by Matt Flynn, a student of Dr. Lisa R. Moore, University of Southern Maine, Department of Biological Sciences, http://www.usm.maine.edu/bio