Bifidobacterium adolescentis

Bifidobacterium adolescentis From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource Jump to: navigation, search

Template:Biorealm genus Contents [hide]

   * 1 Classification
         o 1.1 Higher order taxa
         o 1.2 Genus
   * 2 Description and significance
   * 3 Genome structure
   * 4 Cell structure and metabolism
   * 5 Ecology
   * 6 Pathology
   * 7 Application to Biotechnology
   * 8 Current Research
   * 9 References

[edit] Classification [edit] Higher order taxa

Bacteria; Actinobacteria; Actinobacteridae; Bifidobacteriales; Bifidobacteriaceae; Bifidobacterium; Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703 [edit] Genus

Bifidobacterium adolesecentis

Species

B. angulatum; B. animalis; B. asteroides; B. bifidum; B. boum; B. breve; B. catenulatum; B. choerinum; B. coryneforme; B. cuniculi; B. dentium; B. gallicum; B. gallinarum; B indicum; B. longum; B. magnum; B. merycicum; B. minimum; B. pseudocatenulatum; B. pseudolongum; B. psychraerophilum; B. pullorum; B. ruminantium; B. saeculare; B. scardovii; B. simiae; B. subtile; B. thermacidophilum; B. thermophilum; B. urinalis; B. sp.

NCBI: Taxonomy [edit] Description and significance

Bifidobacterium adolescentis. [A helpful bacterium that is an inhabitant of the human intestinal tract, from The Food and Development Research Centre, Canada. Diane Monpetit.

Bifidobacterium adolescentis are normal inhabitants of healthy human and animal intestinal tracts. Colonization of B. adolescentis in the gut occurs immediately after delivery. Their population in the gut tends to maintain relative stability until late adulthood, where factors such as diet, stress, and antibiotics causes it to decline. This species was first isolated by Tissier in 1899 in the feces of breast-fed newborns. Tissier was the first to promote the therapeutic use of bifidobacteria for treating infant diarrhea by giving them large doses of bifidobacteria orally. Since then, their presence in the gut has been associated with a healthy microbiota. The correlation between the presence of bifidobacteria and gastrointestinal health has produced numerous studies focusing on gastrointestinal ecology and the health-promoting aspects that bifidobacteria are involved in. Obtaining more information about specific strains of bifidobacteria and their roles in the gastrointestinal tract have been on the rise as these probiotic organisms are being used as food additives, such as dairy products. Their name is derived from the observation that these bacteria often exist in a Y-shaped, or bifid form.

[edit] Genome structure

Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence? Does it have any plasmids? Are they important to the organism's lifestyle? [edit] Cell structure and metabolism

Describe any interesting features and/or cell structures; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces. [edit] Ecology

Describe any interactions with other organisms (included eukaryotes), contributions to the environment, effect on environment, etc. [edit] Pathology

How does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms. [edit] Application to Biotechnology

Does this organism produce any useful compounds or enzymes? What are they and how are they used? [edit] Current Research

1. Bifidobacterium adolescentis as a producer of folate in the colon: testing various strains of Bifidobacterium revealed their ability to produce folate. Experiments analyzing cultured samples of feces showed that the addition of B. adolescentis may increase the folate concentration in a colonic environment. Results provided positive insight into the use of probiotics in preventing folate deficiency in colonic epithelial cells as well as more efficiently protecting the colon against inflammation and cancer.

2. Dietary Factors in inflammatory disease.

3.

Enter summaries of the most recent research here--at least three required [edit] References

Genome Project: Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703 project at Gifu University, Life Science Research Center, Japan/NCBI, Bethesda, USA

Also see: Bifidobacterium (Microbe Wiki), Bifidobacterium (Wikipedia)

Arunachalam, Kantha D., et al. The Role of Bifidobacteria in Nutrition, Medicine, and Technology. Nutrition Research. Vol 19, No. 10, pp. 1559-1597, 1999. Elsevier Science Inc., USA.

Pompei, Anna, et al. Folate Production by Bifidobacteria as a Potential Probiotic Property. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2007, p. 179-185, Vol. 73, No. 1

Shah, Shinil. Dietary Factors in the Modulation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity. Medscape General Medicine. March 2007, 9(1):60. ©2007 Medscape

Edited by student of Rachel Larsen and Kit Pogliano