Carnobacterium: Difference between revisions
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==Description and Significance== | ==Description and Significance== | ||
Carnobacterium are rod-shaped lactic acid bacteria. | Carnobacterium are rod-shaped lactic acid bacteria. Although they are lactic acid bacteria, they grow in a PH of 9 and do not tolerate a low PH very well. Identifying Carnobacterium is easiest using 16S-23S rDNA ISRs that gives species specific primers that are helpful in distinguishing eight of the Carnobacterium species ( C. divergens, C. mobile, C. funditum, C. alterfun-ditum, C. inhibens, C. viridans, C. gallinarum and C. piscicola) using PCR identification. The presence of Carnobacterium can be found in seawater as well as dairy, fish, & meat products. They can also be found in polar regions and cold environments. Carnobacterium include the psycrophilic anaerobic species C. maltaromaticum, C. divergens & C. pleistocenium. Certain species have preservative qualities of meat products. Some are also attributed to meat spoilage. C. pleistocenium has been found in a permafrost tunnel in Fox, Alaska. The ice dates back to the Pleistocene Epoch (1.8 Ma to 11,000 years ago). | ||
==Genome Structure== | ==Genome Structure== |
Revision as of 15:14, 19 April 2014
Classification
Bacteria; Firmicutes; Bacilli (or Firmibacteria); Lactobacillales; Carnobacteriaceae; Carnobacterium
Species
Carnobacterium alterfunditum
Carnobacterium divergens
Carnobacterium funditum
Carnobacterium gallinarum
Carnobacterium iners
Carnobacterium inhibens
Carnobacterium jeotgali
Carnobacterium maltaromaticum
Carnobacterium piscicola
Carnobacterium mobile
Carnobacterium pleistocenium
Carnobacterium viridans
- Please note this is not an exhaustive list.
Description and Significance
Carnobacterium are rod-shaped lactic acid bacteria. Although they are lactic acid bacteria, they grow in a PH of 9 and do not tolerate a low PH very well. Identifying Carnobacterium is easiest using 16S-23S rDNA ISRs that gives species specific primers that are helpful in distinguishing eight of the Carnobacterium species ( C. divergens, C. mobile, C. funditum, C. alterfun-ditum, C. inhibens, C. viridans, C. gallinarum and C. piscicola) using PCR identification. The presence of Carnobacterium can be found in seawater as well as dairy, fish, & meat products. They can also be found in polar regions and cold environments. Carnobacterium include the psycrophilic anaerobic species C. maltaromaticum, C. divergens & C. pleistocenium. Certain species have preservative qualities of meat products. Some are also attributed to meat spoilage. C. pleistocenium has been found in a permafrost tunnel in Fox, Alaska. The ice dates back to the Pleistocene Epoch (1.8 Ma to 11,000 years ago).
Genome Structure
Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence?
Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle
Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces. C. divergens & C. maltaromaticum have properties that make them preservative-like. Several strains of C. maltaromaticum have been FDA approved to be used as a preservative in processed, ready to eat meat products.
Ecology and Pathogenesis
Habitat; symbiosis; biogeochemical significance; contributions to environment.
If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.
References
Benson DA, Karsch-Mizrachi I, Lipman DJ, Ostell J, Sayers EW (2009). GenBank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jan;37(Database issue):D26-31. Epub 2008 Oct 21. [PubMed]
Sayers EW, Barrett T, Benson DA, Bryant SH, Canese K, Chetvernin V, Church DM, DiCuccio M, Edgar R, Federhen S, Feolo M, Geer LY, Helmberg W, Kapustin Y, Landsman D, Lipman DJ, Madden TL, Maglott DR, Miller V, Mizrachi I, Ostell J, Pruitt KD, Schuler GD, Sequeira E, Sherry ST, Shumway M, Sirotkin K, Souvorov A, Starchenko G, Tatusova TA, Wagner L, Yaschenko E, Ye J (2009). Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jan;37(Database issue):D5-15. Epub 2008 Oct 21. [PubMed]
Author
Page authored by Heather Moule , student of Dr. Walker & Dr. Kashefi at Michigan State University.