Klebsiella planticola: Difference between revisions
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[[Image: | [[Image: Klebsiella-pneumonia-bacterium.webp|thumb|300px|right|<i>Klebsiella planticola</i> Image credit: Britannica.]] | ||
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Bacteria; Pseudomonadota; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; Enterobacteriaceae; Klebsiella/Raoultella group; Klebsiella | <i>Bacteria; Pseudomonadota; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; Enterobacteriaceae; Klebsiella/Raoultella group; Klebsiella</i> | ||
''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=575]''' | ''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=575]''' | ||
===Species=== | ===Species=== | ||
Klebsiella planticola | <i>Klebsiella planticola</i> | ||
==Description and Significance== | ==Description and Significance== | ||
Klebsiella planticola is a primarily environmental species, from plant and aquatic origins, that can also be isolated from clinical specimens and can be associated with various infections-- including urinary tract infections and wound infections. '''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC267203/pdf/jcm00004-0277.pdf]''' | <i>Klebsiella planticola</i> is a primarily environmental species, from plant and aquatic origins, that can also be isolated from clinical specimens and can be associated with various infections-- including urinary tract infections and wound infections. '''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC267203/pdf/jcm00004-0277.pdf]''' <i>Klebsiella planticola</i> is a bacterium that can be found in multiple environmental sources, such as water, soil, and plants, where they act as nitrogen-fixers. '''[https://link-springer-com.liblink.uncw.edu/article/10.1007/BF01569013]''' | ||
Significance of this species, along with the rest of its genus, arise from the fact that carrier rates of this bacterium on a person increase drastically in a hospital environment; where colonization rates proportionally increase with length of stay, which is one of the main reasons antibiotic resistance in <i>Klebsiella</i> species is on the rise. '''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88898/]''' | |||
==Genome Structure== | ==Genome Structure== | ||
Most strains of Klebsiella planticola have one circular chromosome and four plasmids. A large number of K. planticola isolates found can have up to four antimicrobial resistant genes, which causes concern for antibiotic treatment for those infected with the bacterium. Strains have a median mega base pair count of 5.85103, 5,371 proteins, and a 55.5% GC content. ''' [https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/mra.00415-21]''' | Most strains of <i>Klebsiella planticola</i> have one circular chromosome and four plasmids. A large number of <i>K. planticola</i> isolates found can have up to four antimicrobial resistant genes, which causes concern for antibiotic treatment for those infected with the bacterium. Strains have a median mega base pair count of 5.85103, 5,371 proteins, and a 55.5% GC content. ''' [https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/mra.00415-21]''' | ||
==Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle== | ==Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle== | ||
K. planticola produces a polysaccharide capsule, allowing it to for large mucoid colonies as well as biofilms. '''[https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.686789/full#B8]''' They are catalase producing, breaking down hydrogen peroxide to water, and ferment glucose, lactose, sorbose and the reduction of nitrates. '''[https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jcm.36.8.2331-2332.1998]''' | <i>K. planticola</i> are non-motile, gram-negative, rod-shaped proteobacteria that produces a polysaccharide capsule, allowing it to for large mucoid colonies as well as biofilms. '''[https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.686789/full#B8]''' | ||
It is a facultative anaerobe, allowing it to respire aerobically as well as ferment. '''[https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.686789/full#B3]''' | |||
They are catalase producing, breaking down hydrogen peroxide to water, and ferment glucose, lactose, sorbose and the reduction of nitrates. '''[https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jcm.36.8.2331-2332.1998]''' | |||
==Ecology and Pathogenesis== | ==Ecology and Pathogenesis== | ||
When first discovered, it was thought that <i>K. planticola</i> was a non-pathogenic organism that inhabited soil and various root systems. Although rare, K. planticola has been identified as being able to cause neonatal sepsis-- When infecting humans, this bacterium colonized in the rectum and large intestine. '''[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9781416064008000067]''' | |||
<i>K. planticola</i>, as well as some other members of its genus, is an opportunistic pathogen and do not usually affect healthy individuals. '''[https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00367/full]''' | |||
The principle mode of transmission in a hospital setting, where these diseases are the most prevalent, are from the gastrointestinal tract to the hands of a hospital worker or someone similar. '''[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/396632/]''' | |||
This organism is able to spread rapidly in nosocomial outbreaks, especially in neonatal units. <i>K. planticola</i> has been isolated from human infections with a surprisingly high frequency of 3.5 to 18.5% among clinical isolates of Klebsiella species. '''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88898/]''' | |||
<i>Klebsiella planticola</i> is susceptible to many different antibiotics, such as piperacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, and more. But most, if not all, substrains are resistant to ampicillin and penicillin. '''[https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jcm.36.8.2331-2332.1998]''' | |||
The virulence and pathogenesis of <i>K. planticola</i> are dependant on its acidic polysaccharide capsule. The material of the capsule forms thick bundles of fibrillar structures in large layers on the surface of the capsule, which protects it from phagocytosis and other ways it may be attacked. '''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88898/]''' | |||
They also have many other traits that contribute to their virulence factor. Such as capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, siderophores, fimbriae, a type VI secretion system, outer-membrane proteins, porins, efflux pumps, an iron transport system, biofilms, and allantoin metabolism-- these factors aid the bacteria in avoiding initial immune response of the host and to survive in different sites within the host. '''[https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00367/full]''' | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
[ | 1. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=575 Schoch CL, et al. NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools. Database (Oxford). 2020: baaa062.] | ||
2. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC267203/pdf/jcm00004-0277.pdf Monet, D. and Freney, J. Method for Differentiating <i>Klebsiella planticola</i> and <i>Klebsiella terrigena</i> from Other <i>Klebsiella</i> Species. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1994. Vol 34:4. p. 1121-1122.] | |||
3. [https://link-springer-com.liblink.uncw.edu/article/10.1007/BF01569013 Bagley, S.T., Seidler, R.J. & Brenner, D.J. Klebsiella planticola sp. nov.: A new species of enterobacteriaceae found primarily in nonclinical environments. Current Microbiology. 1981. Volume 6. p. 105–109.] | |||
4, 6. [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.686789/full#B3 Appel, M., Quijano-Martínez, N., De La Cadena, E., Mojica F., and Villegas, V. Microbiological and Clinical Aspects of <i>Raoultella</i> spp. Frontiers in Public Health. 2021. Volume 9.] | |||
5. [https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/mra.00415-21 Kang, M., Chmara, K., Naushad, S., Huang, H. Complete Genome Sequence of a Canadian Strain of <i>Raoultella planticola</i> with Metal and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 2021. Volume 10:25.] | |||
7. [https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jcm.36.8.2331-2332.1998 Podschun, R., Acktun, H., Okpara, J., Linderkamp, O., Ullmann, U., Borneff-Lipp, M. Isolation of <i>Klebsiella planticola</i> from Newborns in a Neonatal Ward. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1998. Volume 36:8.] | |||
8, 9. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9781416064008000067 Nizet, V., Klein, J.O. Bacterial Sepsis and Meningitis. Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn. 2011. Volume 7. p. 222-275.] | |||
10, 15. [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00367/full Ponoop-Prasad, P., Thenmalarchelvi, R. Targeting the Sugary Armor of <i>Klebsiella</i> Species. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2019. Volume 9.] | |||
11. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/396632/ Epidemiology of <i>Klebsiella</i> and hospital-associated infections. Rev Infect Dis. 1979. Volume 1:5. p. 736-53.] | |||
12, 14. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88898/ Podschun R, and Ullmann U. <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. as nosocomial pathogens: epidemiology, taxonomy, typing methods, and pathogenicity factors. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998. Volume 11:4. p. 589-603.] | |||
13. [https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jcm.36.8.2331-2332.1998 Podschun, R., Acktun, H., Okpara, J., Linderkamp, O., Ullmann, U., and Borneff-Lipp, M. Isolation of <i>Klebsiella planticola</i> from newborns in a neonatal ward. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1998. Volume 36:8. p. 2331–2332.] | |||
Image: https://www.britannica.com/science/Klebsiella-variicola | |||
==Author== | ==Author== | ||
Page authored by | Page authored by Ava Corradi, student of Prof. Bradley Tolar at UNC Wilmington. | ||
<!-- Do not remove this line-->[[Category:Pages edited by students of Bradley Tolar at UNC Wilmington]] | <!-- Do not remove this line-->[[Category:Pages edited by students of Bradley Tolar at UNC Wilmington]] |
Latest revision as of 07:43, 13 December 2023
Classification
Bacteria; Pseudomonadota; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; Enterobacteriaceae; Klebsiella/Raoultella group; Klebsiella [1]
Species
Klebsiella planticola
Description and Significance
Klebsiella planticola is a primarily environmental species, from plant and aquatic origins, that can also be isolated from clinical specimens and can be associated with various infections-- including urinary tract infections and wound infections. [2] Klebsiella planticola is a bacterium that can be found in multiple environmental sources, such as water, soil, and plants, where they act as nitrogen-fixers. [3]
Significance of this species, along with the rest of its genus, arise from the fact that carrier rates of this bacterium on a person increase drastically in a hospital environment; where colonization rates proportionally increase with length of stay, which is one of the main reasons antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella species is on the rise. [4]
Genome Structure
Most strains of Klebsiella planticola have one circular chromosome and four plasmids. A large number of K. planticola isolates found can have up to four antimicrobial resistant genes, which causes concern for antibiotic treatment for those infected with the bacterium. Strains have a median mega base pair count of 5.85103, 5,371 proteins, and a 55.5% GC content. [5]
Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle
K. planticola are non-motile, gram-negative, rod-shaped proteobacteria that produces a polysaccharide capsule, allowing it to for large mucoid colonies as well as biofilms. [6] It is a facultative anaerobe, allowing it to respire aerobically as well as ferment. [7]
They are catalase producing, breaking down hydrogen peroxide to water, and ferment glucose, lactose, sorbose and the reduction of nitrates. [8]
Ecology and Pathogenesis
When first discovered, it was thought that K. planticola was a non-pathogenic organism that inhabited soil and various root systems. Although rare, K. planticola has been identified as being able to cause neonatal sepsis-- When infecting humans, this bacterium colonized in the rectum and large intestine. [9] K. planticola, as well as some other members of its genus, is an opportunistic pathogen and do not usually affect healthy individuals. [10] The principle mode of transmission in a hospital setting, where these diseases are the most prevalent, are from the gastrointestinal tract to the hands of a hospital worker or someone similar. [11] This organism is able to spread rapidly in nosocomial outbreaks, especially in neonatal units. K. planticola has been isolated from human infections with a surprisingly high frequency of 3.5 to 18.5% among clinical isolates of Klebsiella species. [12] Klebsiella planticola is susceptible to many different antibiotics, such as piperacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, and more. But most, if not all, substrains are resistant to ampicillin and penicillin. [13]
The virulence and pathogenesis of K. planticola are dependant on its acidic polysaccharide capsule. The material of the capsule forms thick bundles of fibrillar structures in large layers on the surface of the capsule, which protects it from phagocytosis and other ways it may be attacked. [14]
They also have many other traits that contribute to their virulence factor. Such as capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, siderophores, fimbriae, a type VI secretion system, outer-membrane proteins, porins, efflux pumps, an iron transport system, biofilms, and allantoin metabolism-- these factors aid the bacteria in avoiding initial immune response of the host and to survive in different sites within the host. [15]
References
Image: https://www.britannica.com/science/Klebsiella-variicola
Author
Page authored by Ava Corradi, student of Prof. Bradley Tolar at UNC Wilmington.