Nosema apis: Difference between revisions

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==Classification==
==Classification==


Classification:
Domain: Eukaryota  
Domain: Eukaryota  
Phylum: Microsporidia  
Phylum: Microsporidia  
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Species: N. apis
Species: N. apis


Noesma apis is a single celled parasite that affects the Western honey bee. This is class Microsporidia which was previously thought to be protozoans but it is now classified as fungi. The spores are about 5–7 µm long and 3–4 µm wide and 8.5 mbp. It was predicted 2,771 protein- coding genes and 1.356 orthologs.
==Description and Significance:==
 
Noesma apis is a single celled parasite and a spore forming fungi that affects the Western honey bee. Nosema disease causes serious damage to adult honey bees and reduces the life span of bees and weakens or kills colonies. 
 
==Genome and Structure:==
 
This is class Microsporidia which was previously thought to be protozoans but it is now classified as fungi. The spores are about 5–7 µm long and 3–4 µm wide and 8.5 mbp. It was predicted 2,771 protein- coding genes and 1.356 orthologs.
 
 
==Cell structure, Metabolism, and Life Cycle:==


==Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle==
Nosema apis is a single celled parasite and uses oxidative metabolism and Trehalase which is an enzyme that  catalyzes the conversion of trehalose to glucose. When spores of Nosema apis are ingested by the honey bees, they germinate in 30 minutes in the stomach. It then penetrates the cells of the bee's stomach lining and continues to grow and multiply quickly while using the cell contents as food supply.
Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.


Nosema apis uses oxidative metabolism and Trehalase which is an enzyme that  catalyzes the conversion of trehalose to glucose
==Ecology and Pathogenesis:==


==Ecology and Pathogenesis==
Nosema apis lives in the digestive tract of honey bees. N. apis spores are found in feces and directly/ indirectly are consumed by adult bees It develops in the intestines of the bees which affects the digestive functions. This microsporidium also will affect the bee's nutrition glands, which negatively interrupts their secretion. After Nosema apis contacts the bees, symptoms such as intestinal disorders, lack of royal jelly secretion, reducing activity, and decrease in laying eggs may occur.
Habitat; symbiosis; biogeochemical significance; contributions to environment.<br>
If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.<br><br>


==References==
==References==
[Sample reference] [http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/50/2/489 Takai, K., Sugai, A., Itoh, T., and Horikoshi, K. "''Palaeococcus ferrophilus'' gen. nov., sp. nov., a barophilic, hyperthermophilic archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney". ''International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology''. 2000. Volume 50. p. 489-500.]
https://beeaware.org.au/archive-pest/nosema/#ad-image-0
 
https://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/beltsville-md-barc/beltsville-agricultural-research-center/bee-research-laboratory/docs/nosema-disease/#:~:text=Cause%3A%20Nosema%20apis%20and%20Nosema,and%20weakening%20or%20killing%20colonies.
 
https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/biosecurity/animal-diseases/honey-bee-pests-and-diseases/nosema-disease-of-honey-bees#:~:text=When%20spores%20of%20Nosema%20apis,contents%20as%20its%20food%20supply.
 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5371948/
 
https://www.fao.org/3/CA3136EN/ca3136en.pdf


==Author==
==Author==
Page authored by Elan Doyle, student of Prof. Bradley Tolar at UNC Wilmington.
Page authored by Mia Raymond, student of Prof. Bradley Tolar at UNC Wilmington.

Latest revision as of 00:55, 11 December 2023

This student page has not been curated.
Legend. Image credit: Name or Publication.

Classification

Classification: Domain: Eukaryota Phylum: Microsporidia Family: Nosematidae Genus: Nosema Species: N. apis

Description and Significance:

Noesma apis is a single celled parasite and a spore forming fungi that affects the Western honey bee. Nosema disease causes serious damage to adult honey bees and reduces the life span of bees and weakens or kills colonies.

Genome and Structure:

This is class Microsporidia which was previously thought to be protozoans but it is now classified as fungi. The spores are about 5–7 µm long and 3–4 µm wide and 8.5 mbp. It was predicted 2,771 protein- coding genes and 1.356 orthologs.


Cell structure, Metabolism, and Life Cycle:

Nosema apis is a single celled parasite and uses oxidative metabolism and Trehalase which is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of trehalose to glucose. When spores of Nosema apis are ingested by the honey bees, they germinate in 30 minutes in the stomach. It then penetrates the cells of the bee's stomach lining and continues to grow and multiply quickly while using the cell contents as food supply.

Ecology and Pathogenesis:

Nosema apis lives in the digestive tract of honey bees. N. apis spores are found in feces and directly/ indirectly are consumed by adult bees It develops in the intestines of the bees which affects the digestive functions. This microsporidium also will affect the bee's nutrition glands, which negatively interrupts their secretion. After Nosema apis contacts the bees, symptoms such as intestinal disorders, lack of royal jelly secretion, reducing activity, and decrease in laying eggs may occur.

References

https://beeaware.org.au/archive-pest/nosema/#ad-image-0

https://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/beltsville-md-barc/beltsville-agricultural-research-center/bee-research-laboratory/docs/nosema-disease/#:~:text=Cause%3A%20Nosema%20apis%20and%20Nosema,and%20weakening%20or%20killing%20colonies.

https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/biosecurity/animal-diseases/honey-bee-pests-and-diseases/nosema-disease-of-honey-bees#:~:text=When%20spores%20of%20Nosema%20apis,contents%20as%20its%20food%20supply.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5371948/

https://www.fao.org/3/CA3136EN/ca3136en.pdf

Author

Page authored by Mia Raymond, student of Prof. Bradley Tolar at UNC Wilmington.