Dabie bandavirus

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Legend. Image credit: Name or Publication.

Classification

Orthornavirae; Negarnaviricota; Ellioviricetes; Bunyavirales; Phenuiviridae; Bandavirus [Others may be used. Use NCBI link to find]

Species

NCBI: [1]

Bandavirus dabieense

Description and Significance

The Dabie bandavirus is a tick-borne virus. It was first identified in China and is primarily transmitted through the bite of a tick species that is commonly found in forested and rural areas. The virus’s lifecycle and spread are closely ties to tick populations, which thrive in humid environments. It is primarily found in East Asia, including China, Korea, and Japan, and has the potential to spread globally due to the migration of ticks. The virus can also inflect a range of animals, serving as reservoirs. The virus can be a significant public health threat due to its ability to cause Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS), a potentially fatal disease with a mortality rate of 10% to 19%. While it is currently endemic is East Asia, the expansion of the tick habitats, increase the risk of the virus spreading to new regions. Recognizing the virus’s potential to cause outbreaks is essential for global preparedness, enabling regions to collaborate and implement strategies to decrease its impact.

Genome Structure

Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence?

The bandavirus genus includes nine species, including the Dabie bandavirus which has a segmented single-stranded RNA genome (Kim et al., 2023). The genome of the bandavirus has five genes that encode for an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a nucleocapsid protein (NP), a nonstructural protein (NSs), and two external glycoproteins (Gn and Gc) (Yu et al., 2011). There is a large (L), medium (M), and small (S) segment of the genome (Yu et al., 2011). The L segment of the genome encodes for the RNA polymerase with 2084 residues of amino acids. The M segment encodes a single open reading frame for the Gn and Gn glycoproteins precursors with 1073 amino acids (Yu et al., 2011). Both the L and the M segments code using a negative sense coding strategy (Kim et al., 2023). The S segment has 1746 ambisense RNA nucleotides which encode for the NP and NSs proteins. There is a 54 nucleotide intergenic region between these and they are oriented opposite of each other (Brennan et al., 2017).

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.

Dabie Bandavirus, like all other viruses, does not have the ability to generate energy on its own and, therefore, must utilize its host's metabolic resources. Dabie Bandavirus uses nonstructural proteins to facilitate energy acquisition and replication. These proteins interact with actin, an important component of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells, which allows the virus to take over the host's machinery for its benefit.

Ecology and Pathogenesis

Habitat; symbiosis; biogeochemical significance; contributions to environment.

If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.

References

[Sample reference] Takai, K., Sugai, A., Itoh, T., and Horikoshi, K. "Palaeococcus ferrophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a barophilic, hyperthermophilic archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2000. Volume 50. p. 489-500.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/datasets/taxonomy/2748958/

https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0012411

Brennan, B., Rezelj, V.V., & Elliott, R.M. (2017). Mapping of Transcription Termination within the S Segment of SFTS Phlebovirus Facilitated Generation of NSs Deletant Viruses. Journal of Virology. 91(16). https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jvi.00743-17

Kim, E.H., & Park, S.J. (2023). Emerging Tick-Borne Dabie bandavirus: Virology, Epidemiology, and Prevention. Microorganisms. 11(9). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10536723/

Yu, X.J., Liang, M.F., Zhang, S.Y., Liu, Y., Li, J.D., Sun, Y.L., Zhang, L. & Li, D.X. (2011). Fever with Thrombocytopenia Associated with a Novel Bunyavirus in China. The New England Journal of Medicine. 364(16). https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1010095

Author

Page authored by Molly McMorrow, Gabriella Clark, Jayden Sturm, & Janey Metts, students of Prof. Bradley Tolar at UNC Wilmington.