Infectious Myositis: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
<br>By [Chris Santucci]<br> | <br>By [Chris Santucci]<br> | ||
<br> Infectious Myositis is an infection that can be caused by microbes of all domains. It is characterized by muscle inflammation and usually is seen in voluntary muscle <ref>[Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. “Bacterial, Fungal, Parasitic, and Viral Myositis.” Clinical Microbiology Reviews 21.3 (2008): 473–494. PMC]</ref> It is an uncommon infection and is very diverse in the way it can come about. Infectious myositis can result from surgeries in which incisions allow microbes in, wounds that are contaminated, injectable drug needles that are unsterilized, undercooked foods, among other reasons, making it difficult to detect and prevent at first. Immunocompromised individuals are always at risk for myositis. Myositis is not caused by one microbial group, but rather can be caused by a broad range of microbes including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. The infection can be polymicrobial, but in many cases one organism dominates the infected site. In order to identify the specific microbe responsible, culturing is necessary. This page hopes to express the vast array of infection and treatments associated with the main types of myositis. | <br> Infectious Myositis is an infection that can be caused by microbes of all domains. It is characterized by muscle inflammation and usually is seen in voluntary muscle. <ref>[Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. “Bacterial, Fungal, Parasitic, and Viral Myositis.” Clinical Microbiology Reviews 21.3 (2008): 473–494. PMC]</ref> It is an uncommon infection and is very diverse in the way it can come about. Infectious myositis can result from surgeries in which incisions allow microbes in, wounds that are contaminated, injectable drug needles that are unsterilized, undercooked foods, among other reasons, making it difficult to detect and prevent at first. Immunocompromised individuals are always at risk for myositis. Myositis is not caused by one microbial group, but rather can be caused by a broad range of microbes including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. The infection can be polymicrobial, but in many cases one organism dominates the infected site. In order to identify the specific microbe responsible, culturing is necessary. This page hopes to express the vast array of infection and treatments associated with the main types of myositis. | ||
To the right is a photograph depicting a patient with myositis of the gastrocnemius. This is a typical case of myositis in voluntary skeletal muscle.[[File:Myocitis of gastrocnemius.gif|thumb|300px|right|MRI of myositis of the gastrocnemius and multiple abscesses of the posterior compartment caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2493084/].]] | To the right is a photograph depicting a patient with myositis of the gastrocnemius. This is a typical case of myositis in voluntary skeletal muscle.[[File:Myocitis of gastrocnemius.gif|thumb|300px|right|MRI of myositis of the gastrocnemius and multiple abscesses of the posterior compartment caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2493084/].]] | ||
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<br>Introduce the topic of your paper. What is your research question? What experiments have addressed your question? Applications for medicine and/or environment?<br> | <br>Introduce the topic of your paper. What is your research question? What experiments have addressed your question? Applications for medicine and/or environment?<br> | ||
<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847443/ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.]</ref> | <ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847443/ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.]</ref> | ||
<br><br>A citation code consists of a hyperlinked reference within "ref" begin and end codes. | <br><br>A citation code consists of a hyperlinked reference within "ref" begin and end codes. | ||
==Bacterial Infectious Myositis== | ==Bacterial Infectious Myositis== | ||
Bacteria are the most common domain that can infect muscle leading to myositis from infection according to the literature. <i>Staphylococcus aereus</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> strains, both gram-positive and typically facultative anaerobes, are the most common bacteria causing agents of myositis and are categorized into their own type of myositis. Some cases of bacterial myositis are polymicrobial, especially when infections are contaminated with soil. In events of bacterial myositis, it is necessary to culture on differential media and use gram staining to determine the bacteria responsible for the infection in order to treat the infection. Pyomyositis, psoas abscess, S. aereus myositis, group A and group B streptococcal myositis, Clostridial gas gangrene, and nonclostridial myositis are the distinctive categories of bacterial myositis. <ref>[Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. “Bacterial, Fungal, Parasitic, and Viral Myositis.” Clinical MicrobiologyReviews 21.3 (2008): 473–494. PMC]</ref> | |||
[[File:Myositis_by_S._viridians_in_the_bicep.jpeg|thumb|(704 × 498 pixels, file size: 49 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)|right|Magnetic resonance imaging of myositis by S. viridians in the bicep of an anabolic steroid user. | [[File:Myositis_by_S._viridians_in_the_bicep.jpeg|thumb|(704 × 498 pixels, file size: 49 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)|right|Magnetic resonance imaging of myositis by S. viridians in the bicep of an anabolic steroid user. | ||
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4799224/].]]<br> | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4799224/].]]<br> | ||
Revision as of 03:32, 28 April 2017
Overview
By [Chris Santucci]
Infectious Myositis is an infection that can be caused by microbes of all domains. It is characterized by muscle inflammation and usually is seen in voluntary muscle. [1] It is an uncommon infection and is very diverse in the way it can come about. Infectious myositis can result from surgeries in which incisions allow microbes in, wounds that are contaminated, injectable drug needles that are unsterilized, undercooked foods, among other reasons, making it difficult to detect and prevent at first. Immunocompromised individuals are always at risk for myositis. Myositis is not caused by one microbial group, but rather can be caused by a broad range of microbes including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. The infection can be polymicrobial, but in many cases one organism dominates the infected site. In order to identify the specific microbe responsible, culturing is necessary. This page hopes to express the vast array of infection and treatments associated with the main types of myositis.
To the right is a photograph depicting a patient with myositis of the gastrocnemius. This is a typical case of myositis in voluntary skeletal muscle.
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Filename: Myocitis of gastrocnemius.gif
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Legend/credit: MRI of myositis of the gastrocnemius and multiple abscesses of the posterior compartment caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. [8].
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Introduce the topic of your paper. What is your research question? What experiments have addressed your question? Applications for medicine and/or environment?
[2]
A citation code consists of a hyperlinked reference within "ref" begin and end codes.
Bacterial Infectious Myositis
Bacteria are the most common domain that can infect muscle leading to myositis from infection according to the literature. Staphylococcus aereus and Streptococcus strains, both gram-positive and typically facultative anaerobes, are the most common bacteria causing agents of myositis and are categorized into their own type of myositis. Some cases of bacterial myositis are polymicrobial, especially when infections are contaminated with soil. In events of bacterial myositis, it is necessary to culture on differential media and use gram staining to determine the bacteria responsible for the infection in order to treat the infection. Pyomyositis, psoas abscess, S. aereus myositis, group A and group B streptococcal myositis, Clostridial gas gangrene, and nonclostridial myositis are the distinctive categories of bacterial myositis. [3]
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Myositis by Fungi
Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.
Myositis by Viral infection
Parasitic Myositis
Conclusion
References
- ↑ [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. “Bacterial, Fungal, Parasitic, and Viral Myositis.” Clinical Microbiology Reviews 21.3 (2008): 473–494. PMC]
- ↑ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.
- ↑ [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. “Bacterial, Fungal, Parasitic, and Viral Myositis.” Clinical MicrobiologyReviews 21.3 (2008): 473–494. PMC]
Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski, 2017, Kenyon College.
