Coccolithus pelagicus: Difference between revisions
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If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.<br><br> | If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.<br><br> | ||
===Biological Carbon Pump=== | ===Biological Carbon Pump=== | ||
Phytoplankton are predominant contributors to Earth’s photosynthetic activity and form the base of the trophic network of marine ecosystems as primary producers. Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis are the major sources of all organic carbon on Earth. Through carbon fixation, phytoplankton have a critical impact on | Phytoplankton are predominant contributors to Earth’s photosynthetic activity and form the base of the trophic network of marine ecosystems as primary producers. Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis are the major sources of all organic carbon on Earth. Through carbon fixation, phytoplankton have a critical impact on CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. Coccolithophores fix inorganic CO<sub>2</sub> into particulate organic carbon (POC) and thus have an impact on the PIC/POC ratio. As organic carbon flows to the deep ocean as particles, it is mainly remineralized before it reaches the depth of 1000 meters considered necessary for sequestration (Sanders et al., 2014). <br><br> | ||
===Carbonate pump=== | ===Carbonate pump=== | ||
There are three main components of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater: a carbon dioxide-carbonic acid pool ( | There are three main components of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater: a carbon dioxide-carbonic acid pool (CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>) at equilibrium, carbonate (CO<sub>3</sub><sup></sup>) and bicarbonate (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>). <br> | ||
In addition to carbon fixation through photosynthesis, clalcifiers such as C. pelagicus produce | In addition to carbon fixation through photosynthesis, clalcifiers such as ''C. pelagicus'' produce CaCO<sub>3</sub> shells that participate in fixing CO<sub>2</sub> into (PIC). This inorganic carbon cycle participates in reducing the DIC concentration at the surface of oceans (Falkowski et al.) and is a major actor in the flow of particulate carbon to the deep ocean.<br> | ||
The PIC to POC ratio, driven by the rates of calcification and photosynthesis, determines whether calcifiers act as a source of | The PIC to POC ratio, driven by the rates of calcification and photosynthesis, determines whether calcifiers act as a source of CO<sub>2</sub>, or a sink. The immediate consequence of calcification is a production of CO<sub>2</sub> resulting from the assimilation of bicarbonate (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) ions. However, over longer geological periods, the effects of calcification in ocean waters are of a carbon sink. | ||
===Ocean Acidification=== | ===Ocean Acidification=== | ||
Carbonate and bicarbonate account for a major control of the pH of seawater through the | Carbonate and bicarbonate account for a major control of the pH of seawater through the CO<sub>2</sub> to HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> equilibrium. | ||
Calcification rate experiments suggest that impacts of Ocean Acidification are species-specific. The structure of phytoplanktonic communities is expected to change in an acidifying ocean. | Calcification rate experiments suggest that impacts of Ocean Acidification are species-specific. The structure of phytoplanktonic communities is expected to change in an acidifying ocean. | ||
Revision as of 15:49, 25 April 2022
Classification
Domain; Phylum; Class; Order; family [Others may be used. Use NCBI link to find]
Species
|
NCBI: Taxonomy |
Genus species
Description and Significance
Describe the appearance, habitat, etc. of the organism, and why you think it is important.
Genome Structure
Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence?
Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle
Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.
Ecology and Pathogenesis
Habitat; symbiosis; biogeochemical significance; contributions to environment.
If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.
Biological Carbon Pump
Phytoplankton are predominant contributors to Earth’s photosynthetic activity and form the base of the trophic network of marine ecosystems as primary producers. Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis are the major sources of all organic carbon on Earth. Through carbon fixation, phytoplankton have a critical impact on CO2 concentration. Coccolithophores fix inorganic CO2 into particulate organic carbon (POC) and thus have an impact on the PIC/POC ratio. As organic carbon flows to the deep ocean as particles, it is mainly remineralized before it reaches the depth of 1000 meters considered necessary for sequestration (Sanders et al., 2014).
Carbonate pump
There are three main components of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater: a carbon dioxide-carbonic acid pool (CO2 + H2CO3) at equilibrium, carbonate (CO3) and bicarbonate (HCO3-).
In addition to carbon fixation through photosynthesis, clalcifiers such as C. pelagicus produce CaCO3 shells that participate in fixing CO2 into (PIC). This inorganic carbon cycle participates in reducing the DIC concentration at the surface of oceans (Falkowski et al.) and is a major actor in the flow of particulate carbon to the deep ocean.
The PIC to POC ratio, driven by the rates of calcification and photosynthesis, determines whether calcifiers act as a source of CO2, or a sink. The immediate consequence of calcification is a production of CO2 resulting from the assimilation of bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions. However, over longer geological periods, the effects of calcification in ocean waters are of a carbon sink.
Ocean Acidification
Carbonate and bicarbonate account for a major control of the pH of seawater through the CO2 to HCO3- and CO32- equilibrium. Calcification rate experiments suggest that impacts of Ocean Acidification are species-specific. The structure of phytoplanktonic communities is expected to change in an acidifying ocean.
References
Author
Page authored by _____, student of Prof. Jay Lennon at IndianaUniversity.
