Citrobacter koseri

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Growth on a petri dish of the bacteria, Citrobacter koseri. Elmicrobiologist.

Classification

Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; Enterobacteriaceae

Species

NCBI: [1]

Citrobacter koseri

Description and Significance

Citrobacter koseri (formerly Citrobacter diversus)is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae. It has the appearance of straight rods and occurs singly in pairs. The length of the bacillus is 1 micrometer in diameter by 2.0-6.0 micrometers in length. Citrobacter koseri is found in soil, water, and in the intestinal tracts of both humans and animals. It has a negative importance in regards to the cause of neonatal meningitis and brain abscess formation.

Genome Structure

The genome size varies between 4.0 to 5.0 Mb. The GC content of the genomes is between 51 to 56%. It is unknown in the amount of chromosomes it has. C. koseri is circular. The genome consist of 4,536 protein-coding sequences.

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

Citrobacter koseri gains energy solely through using citrate as a carbon source. The molecule it was shown to produce when isolated was hemolysin, which is a substance found in the blood that kills red blood cells and free hemoglobin.

Ecology and Pathogenesis

Citrobacter koseri inhabitants the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. It does not benefit or work together with another organism. C. koseri is known to be linked with hospital-acquired infections. It does not positively contribute to environment but rather causes contamination of an area where it inhabits.

Citrobacter kosericauses urinary tract infections. Animals and humans are the targets for host. The virulence factors are connected with flagellar apparatus biosynthesis and iron uptake. Symptoms of the microbe include sepsis, meningitis, and cerebritis, seizures, apnea, becoming sickly, and a bulging fontanelle.

[Image:microb.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Citrobacter koseri Septicaemia in a Holstein Calf. M. Komine, A. Massa, L. Moon & T. Mullaney.]

References

Michael S.Donnenberg, and Michael S.Donnenberg. “Enterobacteriaceae.” Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases (Eighth Edition), W.B. Saunders, 31 Oct. 2014, .

G.Fisher, Randall. “Citrobacter.” Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (Sixth Edition), W.B. Saunders, 21 Mar. 2012,

AudreyWangerVioletaChavezRichard S.P.HuangAmerWahedJeffrey K.ActorAmitavaDasgupta, et al. “Overview of Bacteria.” Microbiology and Molecular Diagnosis in Pathology, Elsevier, 23 June 2017.

Yuan, C., Yin, Z., Wang, J., Qian, C., Wei, Y., Zhang, S., Jiang, L., & Liu, B. (1AD, January 1). Comparative genomic analysis of Citrobacter and key genes essential for the pathogenicity of Citrobacter Koseri. Frontiers.

Ohkubo, T., Matsumoto, Y., Cho, O., Ogasawara, Y., & Sugita, T. (2020, December 10). Complete genome sequence of Citrobacter Koseri strain MPUCK001. Microbiology resource announcements.

Author

Page authored by Kassidy Cartret, student of Prof. Bradley Tolar at UNC Wilmington.