Syntrophomonas wolfei: Difference between revisions
Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
Syntrophic | Syntrophic with H2-using cells. | ||
''S. wolfei'' was demonstrated to contribute to adhesion, which forms biofilms, with other types of cells.(6) | |||
Spore forming (no endospore-forming). Subspecies differ in utilization of substrates (i.e. | Spore forming (no endospore-forming). Subspecies differ in utilization of substrates (i.e. |
Revision as of 07:51, 5 June 2007
A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Syntrophomonas wolfei
Classification
Higher order taxa
Domain; Phylum; Class; Order; family; genus; species
Bacteria; Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Syntrophomonadaceae; Syntrophomonas; Syntrophomonas wolfei([1])
Species
NCBI: Taxonomy |
Syntrophomonas wolfei
Description and significance
S.Wolfei is a gram negative, non-spore forming (although some strains have been found to have sporulating-specific genes (5)), syntrophic (for methanogenic enviroment with H2-using bacteria like Methanospirillum hungatei), anaerobic, nonphototrophic, bacterial prokaryote. It can be isolated from anaerobic enviroments like aquatic sediment or sewage sludge. Its syntrophic nature was elucidated in its ability to grow in sterile conditions.
The importance of this organism is in its ability to B-oxidize fatty acids (4-8 carbons long)which is utilized in bioremediation. (see Ecology)
Genome structure
S.Wolfei is a prokaryote, containing a circular chromosome, with 2,936,195 nt (ncbi) consisting of 2642 genes, three of which have been discovered to be integral for the syntrophic nature of the organism and related to bacteria Desulfovibrio vulgaris: DVU2103, DVU2104 and DVU2108. These three genes were believed to have been transferred horizontally from archael methanogens. Their exact functions are unknown. (3) S.Wolfei encodes for 2504 proteins. The entire genome is 82% coding with a 44.9% GC content (the Phylum Firmicutes indicates a high or low GC content). The most rapid generation time when cocultured was 54 h (with Desulfovibrio) and 84 h (with M. hungatei).
Cell structure and metabolism
S. Wolfei is classified under the Phylum Firmicutes, gram-negative bacteria.The existence of the gram negative multi layer was elucidated with growth inhibition by penicillin and increased sensitivity to lysis when treated with lysozyme. The membrane phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) that predominated were the monounsaturated 16:1omega7c and 16:1omega9c and the saturated 16:0 and 14:0. It takes a slightly helical shape with two to eight flagella attached to the concave side of the cell.
S.wolfei is saturated fatty acid-beta-oxidizing anaerobe. It requires syntrophy with H2-using bacteria. It metabolizes butyrate through octanoate to acetate or acetate and propionate to which protons is utilized as the electron sink. Common metabolites like carbohydrates, alcohols, proteinaceous materials, and other organic materials did not support growth. Many compounds are required for comparable growth to a rumen fluid: thiamine, lipoic acid, biotin, cyanocobalamin, and para-aminobenzoic acid, iron, and cobalt.(1)
The preferred C4 substrate of S.wolfei was discovered via the high acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity was high in medium with C4 than in medium with either C8 or C16. Also, the high CoA transferase to the non-existent CoA synthetase indicates that this species activates fatty acids by transfer of CoA (from acyl-CoA). The ability for this organism for substrate-level phosphorylation was discovered by the activities of acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase. (4)
Poly-B-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) serves as an energy and carbon source for S.wolfei, but is regulated differently than from known pathways.
Ecology
Syntrophic with H2-using cells.
S. wolfei was demonstrated to contribute to adhesion, which forms biofilms, with other types of cells.(6)
Spore forming (no endospore-forming). Subspecies differ in utilization of substrates (i.e. Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. methylbutyratica). Contribute to break down of saturated fatty acids 4-8 carbons long.
Utilized for degradation of contaminants for bioremediation.
Pathology
How does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.
Application to Biotechnology
Does this organism produce any useful compounds or enzymes? What are they and how are they used?
Current Research
Enter summaries of the most recent research here--at least three required
References
This Article
Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Cited by other online articles Books from ASM Press Copyright Information MicrobeWorld
Google Scholar
Articles by McInerney, M. J. Articles by Costerton, J. W. Articles citing this Article Search for Related Content
PubMed
PubMed Citation Articles by McInerney, M. J. Articles by Costerton, J. W.
Agricola
Articles by McInerney, M. J. Articles by Costerton, J. W.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981 April; 41(4): 1029-1039
Syntrophomonas wolfei gen. nov. sp. nov., an Anaerobic, Syntrophic, Fatty Acid-Oxidizing Bacterium
M. J. McInerney1,2,, M. P. Bryant1,2, R. B. Hespell1 and J. W. Costerton3
Edited by student of Rachel Larsen and Kit Pogliano