LRMoore, Univ of Southern Maine: Difference between revisions
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==Pathology== | ==Pathology== | ||
The oral flora of dogs is a highly competitive feeding ground for approximately 500 different bacterial strains.9 C. canimorsus is resistant to phagocytosis and killing by macrophages and blocks the killing of unrelated bacteria by macrophages. The bacterium exhibits robust growth when in contact with mammalian cells.10 | |||
Due to sialidase and the polysaccharide utilization loci PCL5-encoded Gpd complex, C. canimorsus has been shown to sustain growth by evading host phagocytic cells and capturing amino-sugars off of their surfaces. Sialidase passes through the bacterium’s cytoplasmic membrane via the Sec pathway, crosses the outer membrane and remains attached. Although the mechanism of action is still being studied it has been shown that the Gpd genes associated with the complex consist of a specific outer membrane porin, a starch-binding protein, glycan binding proteins, and an endo-β-Ɲ-acetylglucosaminidase. The surface localized complex allows C. canimorsus to feed on glycan chains from the glycoproteins exposed on the surface of host epithelial cells and macrophages without adhering to them.10 The complex initiates a deglycosylation process for C. canimorsus metabolism. Sialidase might have evolved as a metabolic fitness factor contributing to commensalism in the canine and feline oral flora, but when the bacterium is exposed to a new host, the complex contributes to pathogenesis.5 | |||
Clinical Symptoms and Treatment | |||
Systemic symptoms arise 5-7 days prior to a dog bite.1 Initial symptoms range from localized cellulitis, pain, purulent discharge, lymphangitis, and regional lymphadenopathy. Septicemia symptoms include chills, mylagia, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspnea, abdominal pain, malaise, mental confusion, and headache. Immunocompromised individuals exposed to the bacterium are more susceptible than healthy persons to sepsis, meningitis, osteomylitis, peritonitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, purulent arthritis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and fulminant purpura.1 | |||
Medications that have been successful in vitro include penicillins, erythromycin, clindamycin, doxycycline, rifampin, quinolones, carbapenems, vancomycin, and third - generation cephalosporins, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid because some beta-lactamase-producing strains have been isolated.7 | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 01:29, 23 April 2012
A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus LRMoore, Univ of Southern Maine
Classification
Higher order taxa
Bacteria; Bacteroidetes; Flavobacteriia; Flavobacteriales; Flavobacteriaceae; Capnocytophaga [Use NCBI link to find]
Species
|
NCBI: Taxonomy |
'Capnocytophaga canimorsus'
Description and significance
Describe the appearance, habitat, etc. of the organism, and why you think it is important.
Genome structure
Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence?
Cell and colony structure
Interesting features of cell structure. Interesting features of colony structure.
Metabolism
Energy source(s); external electron donor(s) (=reductant source(s)); carbon source(s); oxygen classification; important molecules it produces.
Ecology
Habitat; symbiosis; contributions to the environment. metagenomic data link
Pathology
The oral flora of dogs is a highly competitive feeding ground for approximately 500 different bacterial strains.9 C. canimorsus is resistant to phagocytosis and killing by macrophages and blocks the killing of unrelated bacteria by macrophages. The bacterium exhibits robust growth when in contact with mammalian cells.10
Due to sialidase and the polysaccharide utilization loci PCL5-encoded Gpd complex, C. canimorsus has been shown to sustain growth by evading host phagocytic cells and capturing amino-sugars off of their surfaces. Sialidase passes through the bacterium’s cytoplasmic membrane via the Sec pathway, crosses the outer membrane and remains attached. Although the mechanism of action is still being studied it has been shown that the Gpd genes associated with the complex consist of a specific outer membrane porin, a starch-binding protein, glycan binding proteins, and an endo-β-Ɲ-acetylglucosaminidase. The surface localized complex allows C. canimorsus to feed on glycan chains from the glycoproteins exposed on the surface of host epithelial cells and macrophages without adhering to them.10 The complex initiates a deglycosylation process for C. canimorsus metabolism. Sialidase might have evolved as a metabolic fitness factor contributing to commensalism in the canine and feline oral flora, but when the bacterium is exposed to a new host, the complex contributes to pathogenesis.5
Clinical Symptoms and Treatment
Systemic symptoms arise 5-7 days prior to a dog bite.1 Initial symptoms range from localized cellulitis, pain, purulent discharge, lymphangitis, and regional lymphadenopathy. Septicemia symptoms include chills, mylagia, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspnea, abdominal pain, malaise, mental confusion, and headache. Immunocompromised individuals exposed to the bacterium are more susceptible than healthy persons to sepsis, meningitis, osteomylitis, peritonitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, purulent arthritis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and fulminant purpura.1
Medications that have been successful in vitro include penicillins, erythromycin, clindamycin, doxycycline, rifampin, quinolones, carbapenems, vancomycin, and third - generation cephalosporins, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid because some beta-lactamase-producing strains have been isolated.7
References
1.Wim Gaastra, Len J.A. Lipman. Review Capnocytophaga canimorsus. Elsevier, Veterinary Microbiology 140 (2010) 339-346 [doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.01.040]
2. Michio Suzuki, Masanobu Kimura, Koichi Imaoka, Akio Yamada. Prevalence of Capnocytophaga canimorsus and Capnocytophaga cynodegmi in dogs and cats determined by using a newly established species-specific PCR. Veterinary Microbiology Volume 144 Issues 1-2, 29 July 2010, Pages 172-176. [doi:10.1128/JCM.01246-09]
3. http://www.americanpetproducts.org/press_industrytrends.asp; Copyright 1998-2012 American Pet Products Association Inc.
4. Pablo Manfred, Marco Pagni, Guy R. Cornelis. Complete Genome Sequence of the Dog Commensal and Humane Pathogenic Capnocytophaga canimorsus Strain 5. Journal of Bacteriology October 2011 vol. 193 no. 19 5558-5559. [doi:10.1128/JB.05853-11.]
5. Francesco Renzi, Pablo Manfredi, Manuela Mally, Suzette Moes, Paul Jeno , Guy R. Cornelis. The N-glycan Glycoprotein Deglycosylation Complex(Gpd) from Capnocytophaga canimorsus Deglycosylates Human IgG. PLoS Pathog 7(6): e1002118. [doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002118]
6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC267282/pdf/jcm00062-0015.pdf Don J. Brenner, Dannie G. Hollis, G. Richard Fanning, and Robert E. Weaver. Capnocytophaga canimorsus sp. nov. (Formerly CDC Group DF-2), a Cause of Septicemia following Dog Bite, and C. cynodegmi sp. nov., a Cause of Localized Wound Infection following Dog Bite. Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 27, No. 2, Feb. 1989, p. 231-235, 0095-1137/89/020231-05.
7. J. Scott Weese and Martha B. Fulford. Bacterial Diseases. Companion Animal Zoonoses. Published Online: 10 December 2010. [doi: 10.1002/9780470958957]
8. S.K. Dilegge, V.P. Edgcomb, E.R. Leadbetter, Presence of the oral bacterium Capnocytophaga canimorsus in the tooth plaque of canines, Elseiver, Veterinary Microbiology 149 (2011) 437-445 [doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.12.010]
9. Manuela mally, Hwain Shin, Cécile Paroz, Regine Landmann, and Guy R. Cornelis. Capnocytophaga canimorsus A Human Pathogen Feeding at the Surface of Epithelial Cells and Phagocytes. PLoS Pathog 4(9) 2008 e1000164 [doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000164]
10. Hwain Shin, Manuela Mally, Salome Meyer, Chantal Fiechter, Cécile Paroz, Ulrich Zaehringer, Guy R. Cornelis. Resistance of Capnocytophaga canimorsus to Killing by Human Complement and Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes. Infect. Immun. June 2009 vol. 77 no. 6 2262-2271[doi: 10.1128/IAI.01324-08]
Edited by student of Dr. Lisa R. Moore, University of Southern Maine, Department of Biological Sciences, http://www.usm.maine.edu/bio
