Arthrobacter globiformis: Difference between revisions
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==Description and significance== | ==Description and significance== | ||
''Arthrobacters'' are bacteria that are typically found in soil, but are widely distributed in the environment. ''Arthrobacter globiformis'' is one of the species that is found in soil. ''Arthrobacter'' means “jointed small stick” in Greek. All ''Artrhobacter'' species are rods during growth and cocci in their stationary phase. Also, all ''Arthrobacter'' are gram-positive, but ''A. globifomris'' is gram-negative during exponential growth and gram-positive in its stationary phase. Conn and Dimmick (1947) introduced the genus name ''Arthrobacter'', which was revived from an old name that was proposed by Fischer. Conn and Dimmick classified three species in the genus ''Arthrobacter'' and one of the species was ''A. globiformis.'' Now there are 64 species. | ''Arthrobacters'' are bacteria that are typically found in soil, but are widely distributed in the environment. ''Arthrobacter globiformis'' is one of the species that is found in soil. ''Arthrobacter'' means “jointed small stick” in Greek. All ''Artrhobacter'' species are rods during growth and cocci in their stationary phase. Also, all ''Arthrobacter'' are gram-positive, but ''A. globifomris'' is gram-negative during exponential growth and gram-positive in its stationary phase. Conn and Dimmick (1947) introduced the genus name ''Arthrobacter'', which was revived from an old name that was proposed by Fischer. Conn and Dimmick classified three species in the genus ''Arthrobacter'' and one of the species was ''A. globiformis.'' Now there are 64 species. | ||
''A. globiformis'' is nonmotile. Its colonies on yeast media have no distinctive pigmentation. [(1)] Colonies of ''A. globiformis'' that has been grown on nutrient agar is smooth, circular, convex eleveation with entire margin. [(atcc.org)] Most strains from the genus ''Arthrobacter'' do not seem to be pathogenic to humans and are nonsporulating. ''Arthrobacter'' is distinctive because of its unique cell division known as “snapping division.” Snapping division occurs because there are two cell wall layers and the inner layer forms a septum while the outer layer does not. When the septum formation is complete the outer layer keeps them from being attached. Eventually, the outer wall ruptures at a joint. [(3)] | ''A. globiformis'' is nonmotile. Its colonies on yeast media have no distinctive pigmentation. [(1)] Colonies of ''A. globiformis'' that has been grown on nutrient agar is smooth, circular, convex eleveation with entire margin. [(atcc.org)] Most strains from the genus ''Arthrobacter'' do not seem to be pathogenic to humans and are nonsporulating. ''Arthrobacter'' is distinctive because of its unique cell division known as “snapping division.” Snapping division occurs because there are two cell wall layers and the inner layer forms a septum while the outer layer does not. When the septum formation is complete the outer layer keeps them from being attached. Eventually, the outer wall ruptures at a joint. [(3)] | ||
Revision as of 03:45, 31 March 2017
Classification
Higher order taxa
Bacteria; Actinobacteria; Actinobacteria; Actinobacteridae; Actinomycetales; Micrococcineae; Micrococcaceae [1]
Species
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NCBI: [2] |
Arthrobacter globiformis
Description and significance
Arthrobacters are bacteria that are typically found in soil, but are widely distributed in the environment. Arthrobacter globiformis is one of the species that is found in soil. Arthrobacter means “jointed small stick” in Greek. All Artrhobacter species are rods during growth and cocci in their stationary phase. Also, all Arthrobacter are gram-positive, but A. globifomris is gram-negative during exponential growth and gram-positive in its stationary phase. Conn and Dimmick (1947) introduced the genus name Arthrobacter, which was revived from an old name that was proposed by Fischer. Conn and Dimmick classified three species in the genus Arthrobacter and one of the species was A. globiformis. Now there are 64 species.
A. globiformis is nonmotile. Its colonies on yeast media have no distinctive pigmentation. [(1)] Colonies of A. globiformis that has been grown on nutrient agar is smooth, circular, convex eleveation with entire margin. [(atcc.org)] Most strains from the genus Arthrobacter do not seem to be pathogenic to humans and are nonsporulating. Arthrobacter is distinctive because of its unique cell division known as “snapping division.” Snapping division occurs because there are two cell wall layers and the inner layer forms a septum while the outer layer does not. When the septum formation is complete the outer layer keeps them from being attached. Eventually, the outer wall ruptures at a joint. [(3)]
(Ex. Arthrobacter)
Genome and genetics
a. To what major branch of the prokaryotes do they belong? (see textbook or Bergey’s). List 2-3 closely related but separate species or genera of bacteria.
b. Briefly describe any extra-chromosomal elements or genetic tools that are used to study the bacterium: viruses, plasmids, transposons that allow genetic manipulation and analysis.
c. Has the genome or genomes been sequenced? If so, include the website for the database and one or two highlights of the genome. Also indicate genome size (base pairs), %G+C (nucleotide base composition) and number of genes, and specific genes or gene regions that are unique to this organism. If it has not been sequenced, give its closest relative that has been sequenced, its website, and some general information about the related sequence.
Example: The sequence of Haemophilus influenzae was determined using whole genome shotgun sequencing (Fleischmann et al. 1995).
Nutrition and metabolism
a.Describe the growth characteristics of your bacterial species; sources of C, N, electrons; respires/ferments, uses O2, etc.
b.What kinds of culture conditions (temp, pH, media) are needed for laboratory study?
c.What kinds of waste, by-products, volatile compounds are generated?
Ecology / Pathology
Ecology: How is your microorganism important in the ecosystem where it is found? How does it impact other organisms in the environment (could be positive or negative impact)?
Pathology: How does the microbe cause disease as it interacts with the host? Describe any specific toxins or pathways that are used for invading and causing disease in the host. What treatment is used to inhibit or kill the microbe?
Current Research
Describe recent research and findings that have been done with this organism. The research can be clinical, applied or basic research. This section should be based on 2 recent papers (10 years or less) and summarized in your own words.
References
2. Combined-Notes. Arthrobacteria globiformis/Combined-notes. [accessed 2017 Mar 29]. http://meaghanemma.pbworks.com/w/page/10520223/Combined-Notes.
3.Arthrobacter - Details. Encyclopedia of Life. [accessed 2017 Mar 30]. http://eol.org/pages/97262/details
4. Sharma M, Mishra V, Rau N, Sharma RS. Increased iron-stress resilience of maize through inoculation of siderophore-producing Arthrobacter globiformis from mine. Journal of basic microbiology. 2016 Jul [accessed 2017 Mar 30]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26632776
5. Engelke M, Köser J, Hackmann S, Zhang H, Mädler L, Filser J. A miniaturized solid contact test with Arthrobacter globiformis for the assessment of the environmental impact of silver nanoparticles. Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 2014 May [accessed 2017 Mar 30]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24477989
6. Niewerth H, Schuldes J, Parschat K, Kiefer P, Vorholt JA, Daniel R, Fetzner S. Complete genome sequence and metabolic potential of the quinaldine-degrading bacterium Arthrobacter sp. Rue61a. BMC Genomics. 2012 Oct 6 [accessed 2017 Mar 30]. http://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-13-534
Authored by CYM, a student of CJ Funk at John Brown University
