Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE): Difference between revisions

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==Section==
[[Image:PHIL_1181_lores.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the [http://www.cdc.gov/ CDC].]]
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<br><b>Legend/credit:</b> Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the [http://www.cdc.gov/ CDC].
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Carbapenem-resistant <I>Enterobacteriaceae</I> (CRE) are a family of Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to carbapenem, a class of anti-biotics used to treat infections. Carbapenems offer a broad-spectrum defense against a wide variety of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, meaning that increasing resistance by CRE, to which there is no reliable treatment, is a major concern for the health industry. [2,3] Previously rare in the United States before 1992, CRE are becoming increasingly more common.[1] Although <I>Enterobacteriaceae</I> are normal human intestinal flora, resistance may be caused by the occurrence of hydrolyzing enzymes, such as serine β-lactamase KPC and the metallo–β-lactamase VIM.[3] Resistance to carbapenems is common in a number of <I>Enterobacteriaceae</I>, such as Kelbsiella pneumoniae and E. coli [3]. CRE typically cause infections in patients of hospitals and nursing homes [3]. The increasing prevalence and lack of reliable treatment have led many to predict CRE as the next "superbug." [3]
<br>Introduce the topic of your paper.  What is your research question? What experiments have addressed your question?  Applications for medicine and/or environment?<br>
Sample citations: <ref>[http://www.plosbiology.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000005&representation=PDF Hodgkin, J. and Partridge, F.A. "<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> meets microsporidia: the nematode killers from Paris." 2008. PLoS Biology 6:2634-2637.]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847443/ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.]</ref>
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==Section 4==


===Introduction===
==Conclusion==
Carbapenem-resistant <I>Enterobacteriaceae</I> (CRE) are a family of Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to carbapenem, a class of anti-biotics used to treat infections. Carbapenems offer a broad-spectrum defense against a wide variety of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, meaning that increasing resistance by CRE, to which there is no reliable treatment, is a major concern for the health industry. [2,3] Previously rare in the United States before 1992, CRE are becoming increasingly more common.[1] Although <I>Enterobacteriaceae</I> are normal human intestinal flora, resistance may be caused by the occurrence of hydrolyzing enzymes, such as serine β-lactamase KPC and the metallo–β-lactamase VIM.[3] Resistance to carbapenems is common in a number of <I>Enterobacteriaceae</I>, such as Kelbsiella pneumoniae and E. coli [3]. CRE typically cause infections in patients of hospitals and nursing homes [3]. The increasing prevalence and lack of reliable treatment have led many to predict CRE as the next "superbug." [3]


==References==
==References==
(1) Neil Gupta, Brandi M. Limbago, Jean B. Patel, Alexander J. Kallen; Carbapenem-Resistant <I>Enterobacteriaceae</I>: Epidemiology and Prevention. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53 (1): 60-67. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir202
(1) Neil Gupta, Brandi M. Limbago, Jean B. Patel, Alexander J. Kallen; Carbapenem-Resistant <I>Enterobacteriaceae</I>: Epidemiology and Prevention. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53 (1): 60-67. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir202


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(3)http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/183101
(3)http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/183101
<br><br>Authored by Carter Powell for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by [mailto:slonczewski@kenyon.edu Joan Slonczewski], 2017, [http://www.kenyon.edu/index.xml Kenyon College].


Edited by Carter Powell for BIOL 238 Microbiology, 2017, Kenyon College.
Edited by Carter Powell for BIOL 238 Microbiology, 2017, Kenyon College.

Revision as of 15:21, 5 April 2017

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Section

Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.


By [My Name]

At right is a sample image insertion. It works for any image uploaded anywhere to MicrobeWiki.

The insertion code consists of:
Double brackets: [[
Filename: PHIL_1181_lores.jpg
Thumbnail status: |thumb|
Pixel size: |300px|
Placement on page: |right|
Legend/credit: Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.
Closed double brackets: ]]

Other examples:
Bold
Italic
Subscript: H2O
Superscript: Fe3+

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a family of Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to carbapenem, a class of anti-biotics used to treat infections. Carbapenems offer a broad-spectrum defense against a wide variety of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, meaning that increasing resistance by CRE, to which there is no reliable treatment, is a major concern for the health industry. [2,3] Previously rare in the United States before 1992, CRE are becoming increasingly more common.[1] Although Enterobacteriaceae are normal human intestinal flora, resistance may be caused by the occurrence of hydrolyzing enzymes, such as serine β-lactamase KPC and the metallo–β-lactamase VIM.[3] Resistance to carbapenems is common in a number of Enterobacteriaceae, such as Kelbsiella pneumoniae and E. coli [3]. CRE typically cause infections in patients of hospitals and nursing homes [3]. The increasing prevalence and lack of reliable treatment have led many to predict CRE as the next "superbug." [3]



Introduce the topic of your paper. What is your research question? What experiments have addressed your question? Applications for medicine and/or environment?
Sample citations: [1] [2]

A citation code consists of a hyperlinked reference within "ref" begin and end codes.

Section 1

Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.

Every point of information REQUIRES CITATION using the citation tool shown above.

Section 2

Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.

Section 3

Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.

Section 4

Conclusion

References

(1) Neil Gupta, Brandi M. Limbago, Jean B. Patel, Alexander J. Kallen; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Epidemiology and Prevention. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53 (1): 60-67. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir202

(2)http://prod.hopkins-abxguide.org/antibiotics/antibacterial/carbapenem/ertapenem.html

(3)http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/183101

Authored by Carter Powell for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski, 2017, Kenyon College.



Edited by Carter Powell for BIOL 238 Microbiology, 2017, Kenyon College.

  1. ↑ Hodgkin, J. and Partridge, F.A. "Caenorhabditis elegans meets microsporidia: the nematode killers from Paris." 2008. PLoS Biology 6:2634-2637.
  2. ↑ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.
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