Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1: (HTLV-1): Difference between revisions
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This section will include the structure of the virus<br><br> | This section will include the structure of the virus<br><br> | ||
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus is part of the Delta-type retrovirus group. HTLVs are enveloped viruses with a diameter of approximately 80–100 nm. The HTLV virions contain two covalently bound genomic RNA strands, which are complexed with the viral enzymes reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease, and the capsid proteins. The outer part of the virions consists of a membrane-associated matrix protein and a lipid layer intersected by the envelope proteins<br><br> | Human T-Lymphotropic Virus is part of the Delta-type retrovirus group. HTLVs are enveloped viruses with a diameter of approximately 80–100 nm. The HTLV virions contain two covalently bound genomic RNA strands, which are complexed with the viral enzymes reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease, and the capsid proteins. The outer part of the virions consists of a membrane-associated matrix protein and a lipid layer intersected by the envelope proteins. | ||
HTLV-1 is a complex retrovirus that contains regulatory genes (tax and rex) and accessory genes (p12, p13, p30 and HBZ), in addition to structural genes (gag, pol and env). The Gag precursor protein (53 kD) is translated from unspliced genomic RNA. This protein is cleaved into p19 (matrix), p24 (capsid), and p15 (nucleocapsid) by the viral protease. The protease–polymerase products are generated by two frameshifts, which produce protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase. The Env precursor protein is translated from a single-spliced mRNA, and is cleaved by a cellular protease into the extracellular protein, gp46, and the transmembrane protein, gp21<br><br> | |||
Revision as of 13:38, 8 December 2021
Introduction
This section will include an overview of the virus including history and current research
The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first oncogenic human retrovirus to be discovered. It was first studied in 1977. The virus can cause adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and progressive nervous system condition known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP).
Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP), is a medical condition that causes weakness, muscle spasms, and sensory disturbance by human T-lymphotropic virus resulting in paraparesis, weakness of the legs. As the name suggests, it is most common in tropical regions, including the Caribbean
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Legend/credit: Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.
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Structure
This section will include the structure of the virus
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus is part of the Delta-type retrovirus group. HTLVs are enveloped viruses with a diameter of approximately 80–100 nm. The HTLV virions contain two covalently bound genomic RNA strands, which are complexed with the viral enzymes reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease, and the capsid proteins. The outer part of the virions consists of a membrane-associated matrix protein and a lipid layer intersected by the envelope proteins.
HTLV-1 is a complex retrovirus that contains regulatory genes (tax and rex) and accessory genes (p12, p13, p30 and HBZ), in addition to structural genes (gag, pol and env). The Gag precursor protein (53 kD) is translated from unspliced genomic RNA. This protein is cleaved into p19 (matrix), p24 (capsid), and p15 (nucleocapsid) by the viral protease. The protease–polymerase products are generated by two frameshifts, which produce protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase. The Env precursor protein is translated from a single-spliced mRNA, and is cleaved by a cellular protease into the extracellular protein, gp46, and the transmembrane protein, gp21
Life Cycle
This section will include life cycle of the virus, replication, and how it infects cells
Diagnosis
This section will include the diagnosis process of this oncogenic virus and symptoms of the infection
Treatment
This section will include treatment and living with the virus and the affects of the symptoms caused by the virus
Conclusion
This section will include a summary
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Edited by [Sydney Srnka], student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 116 Information in Living Systems, 2020, Kenyon College.