Metallosphaera yellowstonensis

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Classification

Archaea (Domain); (Superphylum) TACK group "Crenarchaeota"; Thermoproteota (Phylum); Thermoprotei (Class); Sulfolobales (Order); Sulfolobaceae (Family); Metallosphaera (Genus)

Species

NCBI: [1]

Metallosphaera yellowstonensis

Description and Significance

This is a coccus-shaped chemolithoautotroph isolated from the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park (Kozubal, et. al). M. yellowstonensis exists in Fe(II)-oxidizing microbial mats. This microorganism has implications for the origin of eukaryotes as well as insight into unique metabolic pathways in extreme environments (Jennings, et. al).

Genome Structure

Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence?

M. yellowstonensis is an archaea, thus its genome resembles that of bacteria in that is circular. Most genes throughout the genome average around 1kbp in length. Additionally, these genes tend to be adjacent to neighboring genes/separated by less than 200bp. This results in high density coding regions and minimal noncoding regions. ........ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/archaeal-genome

M. yellowstonensis possess the largest genome of the known Mettallosphaera speceis at 2.82 Mb. Throughout the genus, GC contents range from 42.0-50.4% M. yellowstonensis also has the genes responsible for glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, archaeal pentose phosphate pathway, an atypical TCA cycle, and complete non-phosphative and semi phosphorylative entner doudoroff pathways (Wang).

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces. - autotrophic growth on Fe(II), elemental S (e-donors)

Ecology and Pathogenesis

Habitat; symbiosis; biogeochemical significance; contributions to environment.
If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.

References

[Sample reference] Takai, K., Sugai, A., Itoh, T., and Horikoshi, K. "Palaeococcus ferrophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a barophilic, hyperthermophilic archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2000. Volume 50. p. 489-500.

The archaeal ‘TACK’ superphylum and the origin of eukaryotes, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966842X11001740?via%3Dihub

Taxonomy, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&id=1111107&lvl=3&lin=s&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock&log_op=lineage_toggle

Linking geochemical processes with microbial community analysis: successional dynamics in an arsenic-rich, acid-sulphate-chloride geothermal spring, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1472-4677.2004.00032.x

Summary of Metallosphaera yellowstonensis MK1, version 28.0. https://biocyc.org/GCF_000243315/organism-summary

General archaeal info: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/archaeal-genome

Wang article: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/archaeal-genome

sequence and shape info: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NZ_JH597761

Author

Page authored by _____, student of Prof. Jay Lennon at IndianaUniversity.