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<br>While wild animals are more frequently the source of zoonoses, the animals we have domesticated have their own virulent and devastating diseases <ref name=Qiu/> | <br>While wild animals are more frequently the source of zoonoses, the animals we have domesticated have their own virulent and devastating diseases <ref name=Qiu/> | ||
<ref name= Minardi>[https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/5/7/1867 Minardi da Cruz, et al., "Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLVs) Break the Species Barrier to Acquire New Host Range" 2013. Viruses 5:1867-1884.]</ref>. In addition, these livestock pathogens also cause issues for people because of the significant economic losses they can inflict | <ref name= Minardi>[https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/5/7/1867 Minardi da Cruz, et al., "Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLVs) Break the Species Barrier to Acquire New Host Range" 2013. Viruses 5:1867-1884.]</ref>. In addition, these livestock pathogens also cause issues for people because of the significant economic losses they can inflict <ref name=Kalogianni>[https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/4/616 Kalogianni et al.: Etiology, Epizootiology and Control of Maedi-Visna in Dairy Sheep: A Review. 2020. Animals 10:616.]</ref> <ref name=Chengula>[https://springerplus.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2193-1801-2-549 Chengula et al.: "Socio-economic impact of Rift Valley fever to pastoralists and agro pastoralists in Arusha, Manyara and Morogoro regions in Tanzania" 2013. SpringPlus 2:549.]</ref>. This problem is exacerbated when the causative pathogens have no vaccine, or treatment, or are under-researched. This is the case for many neglected tropical diseases (NTD) like Rift Valley Fever virus (RFVV) as well as others like Maedi-Visna virus (MVV). This often gives the | ||
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Revision as of 17:10, 14 April 2024
Introduction
By Jack Caine
For thousands of years humans have cultivated animals as companions and food sources. This long-lasting and close relationship, in addition to providing a foundation for human global expansion, has exposed us to many of their pathogens [1]. While these diseases can be quite deadly in their original hosts, the opportunity for a pathogen to be transmitted to a human from an animal increases with duration with them. Zoonoses are any disease that originates in animals and is transmitted to humans [2]. Nearly 60% of known infectious diseases come from zoonotic sources [1]. While zoonoses are not the most common type of disease in humans they do have the capacity to have outbreaks which can result in epidemics or pandemics. Many of the world’s most recent and devastating epidemics and pandemics have resulted from the spillover--the introduction of a novel pathogen into humans from animals--of diseases previously only found in animals. The most well-known of these are the sudden acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) epidemics, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and the ongoing AIDS pandemics [1].
While wild animals are more frequently the source of zoonoses, the animals we have domesticated have their own virulent and devastating diseases [1]
[3]. In addition, these livestock pathogens also cause issues for people because of the significant economic losses they can inflict [4] [5]. This problem is exacerbated when the causative pathogens have no vaccine, or treatment, or are under-researched. This is the case for many neglected tropical diseases (NTD) like Rift Valley Fever virus (RFVV) as well as others like Maedi-Visna virus (MVV). This often gives the
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Legend/credit: Magnified 20,000X, this colorized scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicts a grouping of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria. Photo credit: CDC. Every image requires a link to the source.
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Rift Valley Fever
Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.
Virus
Animal Health
Economic Impact
Human Health
Every point of information REQUIRES CITATION using the citation tool shown above.
Maedi-Visna
Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.
Virus
Animal Health
Economic Impact
Human Health
Section 3
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Section 4
Conclusion
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Qiu, Y. et al., "Global prioritization of endemic zoonotic diseases for conducting surveillance in domestic animals to protect public health." 2023. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 378.
- ↑ Quammen, David. "Spillover: animal infections and the next human pandemic." 2012. W.W. Norton & Company.
- ↑ Minardi da Cruz, et al., "Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLVs) Break the Species Barrier to Acquire New Host Range" 2013. Viruses 5:1867-1884.
- ↑ Kalogianni et al.: Etiology, Epizootiology and Control of Maedi-Visna in Dairy Sheep: A Review. 2020. Animals 10:616.
- ↑ Chengula et al.: "Socio-economic impact of Rift Valley fever to pastoralists and agro pastoralists in Arusha, Manyara and Morogoro regions in Tanzania" 2013. SpringPlus 2:549.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hodgkin, J. and Partridge, F.A. "Caenorhabditis elegans meets microsporidia: the nematode killers from Paris." 2008. PLoS Biology 6:2634-2637.
- ↑ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.
Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski,at Kenyon College,2024
