Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus: Difference between revisions
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Interesting features of cell structure. Can be combined with “metabolic processes” | Interesting features of cell structure. Can be combined with “metabolic processes” | ||
=5. Metabolic processes= | =5. Metabolic processes= | ||
CLas is an obligate intracellular pathogen of its host that exhibits a chemoorganoheterotrophic lifestyle dependent on carbon and energy sources derived from phloem sap of citrus hosts. CLas relies heavily on host-derived nutrients including sugars and amino acids due to limited metabolic pathways in its genome. CLas’ genome is relatively small and lacks the ability to biosynthesize and produce essential nutrients, explaining its limited growth independently in culture (10). For example, studies have shown that the Ishi1 strain of CLas requires cohabiting “helper bacteria” to supply metabolites it cannot synthesize on its own (9). The exact metabolites that require helper bacteria are still under investigation (9). Strain-specific differences, like Ishil’s lack of a prophage sequence, demonstrate that culture success is dependent on metabolites or other factors produced by Actinobacteria species in co-cultures (10). CLas also can alter metabolism by inducing systemic ROS (reactive oxygen species) production while locally suppressing ROS within the sieve element cells it occupies. CLas suppresses ROS production by either downregulating host genes involved in ROS biosynthesis or by directly interfering with enzymes like NADPH oxidases (4). When ROS levels decrease, it weakens oxidative burst and reduces activation of defense signaling pathways (4). This keeps phloem pores open which facilitates bacterial movement (4). Inducing ROS production has been suggested to be one of the primary causes for cell death in phloem tissues and HLB symptoms (11). Stress from ROS damages phloem membranes, which leads to leaf mottling and nutrient deficiency (11). Therefore, CLas induced metabolic and immune changes collectively damage citrus tissues and aid bacterial spread within the host (4) (11). Furthermore, the OMPs seem to be a key factor in CLas virulence, but it is unclear how these proteins contribute to motility in pathology, as well as morphological changes (2). | |||
=6. Ecology= | =6. Ecology= | ||
Habitat; symbiosis; contributions to the environment. | Habitat; symbiosis; contributions to the environment. | ||
Revision as of 14:30, 8 December 2025
1. Classification
a. Higher order taxa
Domain; Phylum; Class; Order; Family; Genus Include this section if your Wiki page focuses on a specific taxon/group of organisms
2. Description and significance
Describe the appearance, habitat, etc. of the organism, and why you think it is important.
- Include as many headings as are relevant to your microbe. Consider using the headings below, as they will allow readers to quickly locate specific information of major interest*
3. Genome structure
Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence?
4. Cell structure
Interesting features of cell structure. Can be combined with “metabolic processes”
5. Metabolic processes
CLas is an obligate intracellular pathogen of its host that exhibits a chemoorganoheterotrophic lifestyle dependent on carbon and energy sources derived from phloem sap of citrus hosts. CLas relies heavily on host-derived nutrients including sugars and amino acids due to limited metabolic pathways in its genome. CLas’ genome is relatively small and lacks the ability to biosynthesize and produce essential nutrients, explaining its limited growth independently in culture (10). For example, studies have shown that the Ishi1 strain of CLas requires cohabiting “helper bacteria” to supply metabolites it cannot synthesize on its own (9). The exact metabolites that require helper bacteria are still under investigation (9). Strain-specific differences, like Ishil’s lack of a prophage sequence, demonstrate that culture success is dependent on metabolites or other factors produced by Actinobacteria species in co-cultures (10). CLas also can alter metabolism by inducing systemic ROS (reactive oxygen species) production while locally suppressing ROS within the sieve element cells it occupies. CLas suppresses ROS production by either downregulating host genes involved in ROS biosynthesis or by directly interfering with enzymes like NADPH oxidases (4). When ROS levels decrease, it weakens oxidative burst and reduces activation of defense signaling pathways (4). This keeps phloem pores open which facilitates bacterial movement (4). Inducing ROS production has been suggested to be one of the primary causes for cell death in phloem tissues and HLB symptoms (11). Stress from ROS damages phloem membranes, which leads to leaf mottling and nutrient deficiency (11). Therefore, CLas induced metabolic and immune changes collectively damage citrus tissues and aid bacterial spread within the host (4) (11). Furthermore, the OMPs seem to be a key factor in CLas virulence, but it is unclear how these proteins contribute to motility in pathology, as well as morphological changes (2).
6. Ecology
Habitat; symbiosis; contributions to the environment.
7. Pathology
How does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.
8. Current Research
Include information about how this microbe (or related microbes) are currently being studied and for what purpose
References
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