Norovirus

A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Norovirus

Classification

Higher order taxa

Domain; Phylum; Class; Order; family [Others may be used. Use NCBI link to find]

Species

NCBI: Taxonomy

Genus species

Description and significance

Describe the appearance, habitat, etc. of the organism, and why you think it is important.

Genome structure

Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence?

Virion Structure

Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.

Ecology

Habitat; symbiosis; contributions to the environment.

Pathology

How does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.

Current Research

Enter summarries of the most rescent research here--at least three required

References

Asanaka, M., Atmar, R.L., Ruvolo, V., Crawford, S.E., Frederick, H.N., and Estes, M.K. 2005. Replication and packaging of Norwalk virus RNA in cultured mammalian cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 102(29), p. 10327-10332.

Bertolotti-Ciarlet, A., White, L.J., Chen, R., Venkataram Prasad, B.V., and Estes, M.K. 2002. Structural Requirements for the assembly of Norwalk virus-like particles. Journal of Virology, v. 76, p. 4044-4055.

Chang, K., and George, D.W. 2007. Interferons and ribavirin effectively inhibit Norwalk virus replication in replicon-bearing cells. Journal of Virology, v. 81(22), p. 12111-12118.

Clarke, I.N., and Lambden, P.R. 2000. Organization and Expression of Calicivirus Genes. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, v. 181, p. S309-16.

Dolan, R. 2007. Norovirus—challenges to control. New England Journal of Medicine, v. 357(11), p. 1072-1073.

Harrington, P.R., Lindesmith, L., Yount, B., Moe, C.L., and Baric, R.S. 2002. Binding of Norwalk virus-like particles to ABH histo-blood group antigens is blocked by antisera from infected human volunteers or experimentally vaccinated mice. Journal of Virology, v. 76(23), p. 12335-12343.

Lindesmith, L., Moe, C., Marionneau, S., Ruvoen, N., Jiang, X., Lindblad, L., Stewart, P., LePendu, J., and Baric, R. 2003. Human susceptibility and resistance to Norwalk virus infection. Nature Medicine, v. 9(5), p. 548-553.

LoBue, A.D., Lindesmith, L., Yount, B., Harrington, P.R., Thompson, J.M., Johnston, R.E., Moe, C.L., and Baric, R.S. 2006. Multivalent Norovirus vaccines induce strong mucosal and systemic blocking antibodies against multiple strains. Vaccine, v. 24, p. 5220-5234.

Prasad, B.V., Rothnagel, V.R., Jiang, X., and Estes, M.K. 1994. Three-dimensional structure of baculovirus-expressed Norwalk virus capsids. Journal of Virology, v. 68, p. 5117-5125. In: Bertolotti-Ciarlet, A., White, L.J., Chen, R., Venkataram Prasad, B.V., and Estes, M.K. 2002. Structural Requirements for the assembly of Norwalk virus-like particles. Journal of Virology, v. 76, p. 4044-4055.

Straub, T.M., Honer zu Bentrup, K., Orosz-Coghlan, P., Dohnalkova, A., Mayer, B.K., Bartholomew, R.A., Valdez, C.O., Bruckner-Lea, C.J., Gerba, C.P., Abbaszadegan, M., and Nickerson, C.A. 2007. In vitro cell culture infectivity assay for human Noroviruses. Emerging Infectious Diseases, v. 13(3), p. 396-403.

Waters, A., Coughlan, S., and Hall, W.W. 2007. Characterization of a novel recombination event in the Norovirus polymerase gene. Virology, v. 363, p. 11-14.

Widdowson, M.A., Monroe, S.S., and Glass, R.I. 2005. Are Noroviruses emerging? Emerging Infectious Diseases, v. 11(5), p. 735-737.

Zheng, D., Ando, T., Fankhauser, R.L., Beard, R.S., Glass, R.I., and Monroe, S.S. 2006. Norovirus classification and proposed strain nomenclature. Virology, v. 346, p. 312-323.

[Sample reference] Takai, K., Sugai, A., Itoh, T., and Horikoshi, K. "Palaeococcus ferrophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a barophilic, hyperthermophilic archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2000. Volume 50. p. 489-500.

Edited by student of Emily Lilly at University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.