Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: Difference between revisions
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===Higher order taxa=== | ===Higher order taxa=== | ||
Viruses; Retro-transcribing viruses; Retroviridae; Orthoretrovirinae; Deltaretrovirus; Primate T-lymphotropic Virus-1 | Viruses; Retro-transcribing viruses; Retroviridae; Orthoretrovirinae; Deltaretrovirus; Primate T-lymphotropic Virus-1; Human T-lymphotropic Virus-1 | ||
===Species=== | ===Species=== | ||
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is divided into 4 subtypes: | |||
A) Cosmopolitan | |||
B) Central African Group | |||
C) Melanesian Group | |||
D) New Central African Group | |||
==Description and significance== | ==Description and significance== | ||
HTLV-1 is a retrovirus that has infected 20 million people worldwide, and is considered the first retrovirus to be causal for Adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL). The HTLV-1 virus contains an enveloped virion that is spherical to pleiomorphic and is about 80-100nm in diameter. Transmission occurs through perinatal transmission by blood or breast milk, sexual transmission, or exposure to contaminated blood products. | |||
The infectivity of HTLV-1 is tightly cell-associated, and is mediated through a viral synapse, which suggests that the cell-free virus is largely non-infectious. Tax, a viral oncoprotein, is needed to initiate cellular transformation because HTLV-1 does not use viral capsure of a cellular proto-oncogene for oncogenesis. Tax transforms cells through various mechanisms, including the creation of chromosomal instability, the amplification of centrosomes, the abrogation of DNA repar, the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases, and the silencing of p53 and spindle assembly checkpoints. | |||
==Genome structure== | ==Genome structure== | ||
Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence? | Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence? |
Revision as of 21:35, 14 December 2008
A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
Classification
Higher order taxa
Viruses; Retro-transcribing viruses; Retroviridae; Orthoretrovirinae; Deltaretrovirus; Primate T-lymphotropic Virus-1; Human T-lymphotropic Virus-1
Species
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is divided into 4 subtypes: A) Cosmopolitan B) Central African Group C) Melanesian Group D) New Central African Group
Description and significance
HTLV-1 is a retrovirus that has infected 20 million people worldwide, and is considered the first retrovirus to be causal for Adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL). The HTLV-1 virus contains an enveloped virion that is spherical to pleiomorphic and is about 80-100nm in diameter. Transmission occurs through perinatal transmission by blood or breast milk, sexual transmission, or exposure to contaminated blood products. The infectivity of HTLV-1 is tightly cell-associated, and is mediated through a viral synapse, which suggests that the cell-free virus is largely non-infectious. Tax, a viral oncoprotein, is needed to initiate cellular transformation because HTLV-1 does not use viral capsure of a cellular proto-oncogene for oncogenesis. Tax transforms cells through various mechanisms, including the creation of chromosomal instability, the amplification of centrosomes, the abrogation of DNA repar, the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases, and the silencing of p53 and spindle assembly checkpoints.
Genome structure
Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence?
Cell structure and metabolism
Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.
Ecology
Habitat; symbiosis; contributions to the environment.
Pathology
How does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.
Current Research
Enter summarries of the most rescent research here--at least three required
References
Edited by student of Emily Lilly at University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.