Candidatus Accumulibacter Phosphatis: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 16:08, 22 April 2010
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Classification
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Betaproteobacteria
Order: unclassified Betaproteobacteria
Family: Candidatus Accumulibacter
Species
Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis
NCBI Taxonomy ID: 522306
Sub Groups:
Description and Significance
Describe the appearance, habitat, etc. of the organism, and why you think it is important. "Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis" is of the group of organisms know as polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO).
This organism is used in waste water treatment for the purpose of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR)(Lu). Waste water effluent can be a major contributor of phosphorous pollution to the environment, which can cause excess nutrient loading that leads to algal blooms. Traditional methods of Phosphorous removal include chemical remobal process and EBPR. Advantages of operating a waste water treatment plant with EBPR are that it significantly lowers operating costs, reduces sludge production and enables sludege to be reused easier, and eliminates chemical biproducts (Blackall, 2002).
Genome Structure
The "Accumulibacter" Genome consists of one circular chromosome and three plasmids.
The size of this genome is 5306133 base pairs, coding for 4790 genes. 3.82% of the "Accumulibacter phosphatis" genome is unlike all other organisms in relation to both sequence similarity and function.
The Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis clade IIA str. UW-1; was mapped by the Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI) in 2004 with a sample collected from an EBPR wastewater treatment bioreactor in Madison, WI. Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence?
NCBI Mapped Genome Online genome information
Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle
Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.
Cell Structure
"Accumulibacter phosphatis" is a gram negative, rod shaped organism
Metabolism
Acetate Oxcidizer "Accumulibacter" is a chemo heterotroph and can exist in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Phosphorous and carbon metabolic processes occur during both environmental conditions.
Aerobic Conditions
Under aerobic conditions "Accumulibacter" uptakes orthophosphate from the environment and transforms it to polyphosphate. Polyphosphates can be stored until conditions change from aerobic to anaerobic conditions. Glycogen can also be stored for later use.
Anaerobic Conditions
Under anaerobic conditions "Accumulibacter" breaks down stored polyphosphate for energy and releases orthophosphate into the environment (Pijuan 2003). Energy is generated in part by glycolysis throught the reduction of glycogen. This process produces ATP and reducing equivalents (NADH) (Blackall, 2002).
The carbon cycle for “Accumulibacter” involves the uptake volatile fatty acids (VFAs), conversion to stores the carbon to poly-“B”-hydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and storage for it's anabolic pathway.
Ecology and Pathogenesis
Habitat; symbiosis; biogeochemical significance; contributions to environment. If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.
Habitat
"Accumulibacter Phosphatis" inhabits sediment and sludge. It is seeded in industrail wastewater treatment bioreactors for the purpose of accumulating phosphorouess.
Candidatus Accumulibacter Phosphatis is a type of polyphasphate accumulating organism (PAO). PAOs are able to accumulate large amounts of phosphorus in the anaerobic zones of waste water treatment sludge. Sludge that was formed with the help of PAOs measures 4-5% Phosphorous content by dry weight; this is in contrast to 1.5-2% Phosphorous content by dry weight in the absence of PAOs (Blackall, 2002).
References
Author
Page authored by Johanna Kinster and Kevin Koryto, students of Prof. Jay Lennon Prof. Jay Lennon at Michigan State University.
