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Edited by Naomi Chouinard of Dr. Lisa R. Moore, University of Southern Maine, http://www.usm.maine.edu/ | Edited by Naomi Chouinard of Dr. Lisa R. Moore, University of Southern Maine, Department of Biological Sciences, http://www.usm.maine.edu/bio | ||
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Revision as of 01:29, 2 May 2013
A Viral Biorealm page on the family Naomi.chouinard
Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus (CBPV)
Baltimore Classification
Although CBPV shares several characteristics with the Nodaviridae and Tombusviridae virus families, CBPV is considered a new family of positive single-stranded RNA viruses [3]. The virus is not yet classified.
Higher order categories
Description and Significance
The common host for the chronic bee paralysis virus is the honeybee. This virus has been found in various species around the world and is a problem because it causes large numbers of honeybee deaths. Honeybees are important pollinators in many plant life cycles. With higher rates of CBPV comes more bee deaths and lower plant production. This can have huge impacts on agriculture, both on the large and small scale. Keeping track of such viruses is important in foreign trade. In some cases, infected bees passed through undetected to other countries during trade and infected colonies in that country with CBPV [3]. Therefore, proper detection and management techniques are key in the prevention of further spreading of CBPV.
Symptoms of CBPV include severe trembling of the wings and body and crawling on the ground. Some bees also become hairless and therefore appear darker. Most infected bees die within a few days. However, it has also been seen that the virus can infect seemingly healthy bees [3].
CBPV has also more recently been found in ants and mites [2].
Genome Structure
The complete sequences of the two major RNAs of Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) have been determined: RNA 1 (3674nt long) and RNA 2 (2305nt long) are positive single-stranded RNAs that are capped but not polyadenylated [1]. The amino acid information obtained from the ORF 3 on RNA 1 shared the conserved motifs of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequence and presented similarities with other known families (Nodaviridae and Tombusviridae). However, no similarities were found between the other CBPV amino acid sequences and sequences in the NCBI databases, suggesting that CBPV is a new family of positive single-stranded RNA viruses [1].
Virion Structure
Not much is known on the structure of the virion.
Reproductive Cycle in a Host Cell
Some studies show that the virus may be transmitted via bee feces [4]. “Detection of Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) genome and its replicative RNA form in various hosts and possible ways of spread.” [5] ----- Haven’t gotten the chance to read this yet, but it looks promising..
Viral Ecology & Pathology
Studies have shown that CBPV remains viral when found in the feces of infected bees. CBPV was even passed on to healthy bees by being in the presence of infected bee feces alone [4]. Symptoms of CBPV include severe trembling of the wings and body, crawling on the ground, hairlessness, darker or shinier appearance, death, etc. However, it has also been discovered that seemingly healthy bees were infected with CBPV [3].
References
[1] Olivier, V.; Blanchard, P.; Chaouch, S.; Lallemand, P.; Schurr, F.; Celle, O.; Dubois, E.; Tordo, N.; Thiéry, R.; Houlgatte, R.; Ribière, M. Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic analysis of Chronic bee paralysis virus, a honeybee virus. Virus Research. 2008 March, Vol. 132 Issue 1/2, p59-68. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.10.014.
[2] Celle, O; Blanchard, P,; Olivier, V.; Schurr, F.; Cougoule, N.; Faucon, J-P.; Ribière, M. Detection of Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) genome and its replicative RNA form in various hosts and possible ways of spread, Virus Research, Volume 133, Issue 2, May 2008, Pages 280-284, ISSN 0168-1702. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.12.011.
[3] Morimoto, T.; Kojima, Y.; Yoshiyama, M.; Kimura, K.; Yang, B.; Kadowaki, T. Molecular Identification of Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus Infection in Apis mellifera Colonies in Japan. Viruses. July, 2012. Vol. 4 Issue 7, p1093-1103. DOI: 10.3390/v4071093.
[4] Ribière, M. M., Lallemand, P. P., Iscache, A. L., Schurr, F. F., Celle, O., Blanchard, P. P., Olivier, V; Faucon, J. P. (2007). Spread of Infectious Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus by Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Feces. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 73(23), 7711-7716. doi:10.1128/AEM.01053-07
Edited by Naomi Chouinard of Dr. Lisa R. Moore, University of Southern Maine, Department of Biological Sciences, http://www.usm.maine.edu/bio
