Zobellia laminariae: Difference between revisions
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[Qiufen Li, Yan Zhang, David Juck, Nathalie Fortin, and Charles W. Greer, “Impact of Intensive Land-Based Fish Culture in Qingdao, China, on the Bacterial Communities in Surrounding Marine Waters and Sediments,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2011, Article ID 487543, 8 pages, 2011. doi:10.1155/2011/487543] | [Qiufen Li, Yan Zhang, David Juck, Nathalie Fortin, and Charles W. Greer, “Impact of Intensive Land-Based Fish Culture in Qingdao, China, on the Bacterial Communities in Surrounding Marine Waters and Sediments,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2011, Article ID 487543, 8 pages, 2011. doi:10.1155/2011/487543] | ||
(1) [Bakunina, I. Yu., Nedashkovskaya, O. I., Kim S. B., Zvyagintseva, T. N., and Mikhailov, V. V., "Distribution of α-N-Acetylgalactosaminidases among Marine Bacteria of the Phylum Bacteroidetes, Epiphytes of Marine Algae of the Seas of Okhotsk and Japan." Microbiology. (2012). Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 373-378. DOI 10.1134/S0003683806050073 | |||
Edited by (Sabin Gilman), student of Rachel Larsen at the University of Southern Maine | Edited by (Sabin Gilman), student of Rachel Larsen at the University of Southern Maine | ||
<!--Do not edit or remove this line.-->[[Category:Pages edited by students of Rachel Larsen]] | <!--Do not edit or remove this line.-->[[Category:Pages edited by students of Rachel Larsen]] |
Revision as of 23:49, 11 March 2014
Classification
Higher Order Taxa
Domain: Bacteria
Super Phylum: Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi
Phylum: Bacteroidetes
Class: Flavobacteriia
Order: Flavobacteriales
Family: Flavobacteriaceae
Genus: Zobellia
Species: laminariae
Strains: KMM. 3676T,Vancanneyt R-18982, R-18982, CIP 108563, LMG 22070, CCUG 47083
Taxonomy
Description
Morphological Characteristics
Zobellia laminariae are gram-negative agarolytic bacteria with gliding motility that produce flexirubin-type pigments. Cells range in size from 0.4 to 0.5 mm in width and from 1.2 to 1.4 mm in length.
Genetic Characteristics
The G+C content of the DNA is 36-37 mol% and it has a DNA-DNA binding value of 93%. Zobellia laminariae is closely related to Zobellia amurskyensis and Zobellia russellii.
Environmental Characteristics
The bacteria prefer marine salinity. The live in sea water on brown algae called Laminaria japonica. Optimum growth occurs between 21-23°C but they can grow any where between the range of 4-30°C. They prefer a salt concentration between 1.5-6% NaCl with an optimum at 2%.
Host
Metabolism
They are heterotrophic meaning they require complex organic compounds of nitrogen and carbon for metabolic synthesis. They utilize L-arabinose, D-glucose, D-lactose, D-mannose, D-sucrose, and mannitol. They hydrolyze agar, gelatin, and Tween 40. The whole cell fatty acid composition is 15 : 0, i15 : 0, i15 : 0 3-OH, i15 : 1, i17 : 0 3-OH. MK-6 is the major lipoquinone.
Metabolite Products
Produces acid from the fermentation of L-arabinose,D-cellobiose, D-glucose, L-fucose, D-maltose, D-raffinose, L-rhamnose, D-sucrose and mannitol.
Antibiotic Caracteristics
Zobellia laminariae are sensitive to carbenicillin, lincomycin and oleandomycin antibiotics. They are resistant to ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, gentamicin,kanamycin, neomycin, polymyxin B, streptomycin and tetracycline.
Current Research
A study conducted in 2011 focused on the occurrence of the α-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase in marine bacteria. The interest in α-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase was generated in its possible use in biotechnology as an enzyme that modifies the A-erythrocyte creating an universal blood. It was found that Zobellia laminariae was one many marine bacterias that can synthesize the most active α-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase. The strain KMM 6205 was found to show α-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase activity of 0.68nmol/(min mg protein). The investigation showed "that aerobic nonpathogenic marine algal associants of the Bacteroidetes phylum, which do not require special conditions for cultivation, are the promising, economical, and ecologically pure sources of unique and biotechnologically significant α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases." (1)
References
[Nedashkovskaya, O.I., Suzuki, M., Vancanneyt, M., Cleenwerck, I., Lysenko, A.M., Mikhailov, V.V., and Swings, J. "Zobellia amurskyensis sp. nov., Zobellia laminariae sp. nov. and Zobellia russellii sp. nov., novel marine bacteria of the family Flavobacteriaceae." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2004) 54:1643-1648. Published online 5 March 2004: DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.63091-0]
[ Goecke F, Labes A, Wiese J, Imhoff JF (2010) Chemical interactions between marine macroalgae and bacteria. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 409:267-299]
[Qiufen Li, Yan Zhang, David Juck, Nathalie Fortin, and Charles W. Greer, “Impact of Intensive Land-Based Fish Culture in Qingdao, China, on the Bacterial Communities in Surrounding Marine Waters and Sediments,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2011, Article ID 487543, 8 pages, 2011. doi:10.1155/2011/487543]
(1) [Bakunina, I. Yu., Nedashkovskaya, O. I., Kim S. B., Zvyagintseva, T. N., and Mikhailov, V. V., "Distribution of α-N-Acetylgalactosaminidases among Marine Bacteria of the Phylum Bacteroidetes, Epiphytes of Marine Algae of the Seas of Okhotsk and Japan." Microbiology. (2012). Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 373-378. DOI 10.1134/S0003683806050073
Edited by (Sabin Gilman), student of Rachel Larsen at the University of Southern Maine