Hyperthermophilic archaeal cellular structures: Difference between revisions
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[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthermophile Hyperthermophilic] organisms have been the subject of intense study since their discovery in 1977 in the [ | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthermophile Hyperthermophilic] organisms have been the subject of intense study since their discovery in 1977 in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_hotspot Galapagos Rift]<sup>1</sup>. It was thought impossible for life to exist at temperatures a great as 100ºC until [https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Pyrolobus_fumarii <i>Pyrolobus fumarii</i>] was discovered in 1997<sup>2</sup>. <i>P. fumarii</i> is an unicellular organism from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_(biology) domain] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea Archaea] living in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent hydrothermal vents] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_smoker#Black_smokers_and_white_smokers black smokers] along the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Ridge Mid-Atlantic Ridge]<sup>2</sup>. These organisms can live at 106ºC at a pH of 5.5<sup>2</sup>. In order to get energy from their environment these organisms are facultatively [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic_organism aerobic] obligate chemolithoautotrophs, meaning these organisms build biomolecules by harvesting CO<sub>2</sub> from their environment by using H<sub>2</sub> as their primary electron donor and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> as its primary electron acceptor<sup>2</sup>. These organisms can even survive the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoclave autoclave], which is a machine designed to kill organisms through high heat and pressure<sup>2</sup>. Because hyperthermophiles live in such hot environments, they need to have DNA, membrane and enzyme modifications in order to withstand the intense thermal energy. Such modifications are currently being studied to better understand what allows an organism or protein to survive such harsh conditions. By learning what allows these organisms to survive such harsh conditions, researchers will be better able to synthesize molecules that are harder to denature that can be used in industry. | ||
==Section 1== | ==Section 1== | ||
Revision as of 02:17, 21 March 2014
Hyperthermophilic organisms have been the subject of intense study since their discovery in 1977 in the Galapagos Rift1. It was thought impossible for life to exist at temperatures a great as 100ºC until Pyrolobus fumarii was discovered in 19972. P. fumarii is an unicellular organism from the domain Archaea living in the hydrothermal vents in black smokers along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge2. These organisms can live at 106ºC at a pH of 5.52. In order to get energy from their environment these organisms are facultatively aerobic obligate chemolithoautotrophs, meaning these organisms build biomolecules by harvesting CO2 from their environment by using H2 as their primary electron donor and NO3- as its primary electron acceptor2. These organisms can even survive the autoclave, which is a machine designed to kill organisms through high heat and pressure2. Because hyperthermophiles live in such hot environments, they need to have DNA, membrane and enzyme modifications in order to withstand the intense thermal energy. Such modifications are currently being studied to better understand what allows an organism or protein to survive such harsh conditions. By learning what allows these organisms to survive such harsh conditions, researchers will be better able to synthesize molecules that are harder to denature that can be used in industry.
Section 1
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Legend/credit: Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.
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Section 2
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Section 3
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[Sample link] Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever—Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch
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Edited by Libby Mannucci, a student of Nora Sullivan in BIOL168L (Microbiology) in The Keck Science Department of the Claremont Colleges Spring 2014.
