Pyrobaculum oguniense

Template:Uncerated A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Pyrobaculum oguniense

Archaea

Archaea; Crenarchaeota; Thermoprotei; Thermoproteales; Thermoproteaceae; Pyrobaculum; Pyrobaculum oguniense (Sako et al. 2001)

Genome Structure

This microbe has a main chromosome of 2,436,033 bp, 3 large-scale inversions, 1 extra-chromosomal element of 16,887 bp and 2,800 protein-coding genes and 145 RNA genes (47 transfer RNA genes, 9 H/ACA-like small RNA and 83 predicted C/D box small RNA).

Cell and Colony Structure

Pryrobaculum oguniense has a rod-shaped cell and is 2-10microm in length. The microbe is also covered in a surface-layer lattice. In an effort to encourage putative temperate viruses, the cells of Pyrobaculum oguniese were UV-irradiated. No virus detection was noticed, however, a pyramidal structure with 6-fold symmetry that grew through the s layer was found. Upon reaching a height of 200nm, the pyramid opened like a flower. The purpose of this odd structure is unknown. This weird structure has a huge significance as it could further influence the field of microbiology and could open new doors to new studies.

Metabolism

This microbe is heterotrophic, meaning that it gets its carbon source from a secondary source. P. oguniense is a facultative anaerobe, meaning that it refers aerobic respiration but can also live under anaerobic conditions. It does not grow as well under anaerobic conditions than aerobic conditions. Sulfur reduction is present in this microbe as well as sulfate/thiosulfate reduction. P. oguniense contains various forms of cytochrome, with having a cytochrome a and o containing heme copper oxidases.Cytochrome a is found in membranes of aerobically grown cells. There is a bc1 complex and cytochrome o contains oxidases present in anaerobic and aerobic cells.

Ecology

Pyrobaculum in latin means "fire stick", referring to this rod-shaped hyperthermophile. A hyperthermophile is a microbe that thrives in extremely hot temperatures. It is typically found in fresh water, geothermal vents. This makes sense as to why this microbe can reduce sulfur and sulfate/thiosulfate since sulfur is abundant in geothermal vents. P. oguniese was isolated and found in a hot spring in Japan. Optimal growth is achieved at 90-94 degrees Celsius as well as an optimal pH of 7-7.5.

Pathology

P. oguniense is not pathogenic (as known).

References

Bernick, DL, K. Karplus, LM Lui, JK Coker, JN Murphy, PP Chan, AE Cozen, and TM Lowe."Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library ofMedicine, 20 July 2012. Web. 02 Nov. 2015. .} [doi:10.1099/ijs.0.028217-0.

Bernick, David L., Kevin Karplus, Lauren M. Lui, Joanna K. C. Coker, Julie N. Murphy, Patricia P. Chan, Aaron E. Cozen, and Todd M. Lowe. "Complete Genome Sequence of Pyrobaculum Oguniense." Standards in Genomic Sciences. Michigan State University, 20 July 2012. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.} [doi:10.1099/ijs.0.028217-0.

Rensen, E., M. Krupovic, and D. Prangishvili. "Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 23 June 2015. Web. 02Nov. 2015.

E., M. Krupovic, and D. Prangishvili. "Mysterious Hexagonal Pyramids on the Surface of Pyrobaculum Cells." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, Nov. 2015. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.} [doi:10.1099/ijs.0.028217-0.

Sako, Y., T. Nunoura, and A. Uchida. "Pyrobaculum Oguniense Sp. Nov., a Novel Facultatively Aerobic and Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Growing at up to 97 Degrees C." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine,Mar. 2001. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.} [doi:10.1099/ijs.0.028217-0.

Schmidt, Thomas M., and Moselio Schaechter. "Chapter 22." Topics in Ecological and Environmental Microbiology. Amsterdam: Academic, 2012. 330-31. Print.} [doi:10.1099/ijs.0.028217-0.

Edited by Danielle Morin of Dr. Lisa R. Moore, University of Southern Maine, Department of Biological Sciences, http://www.usm.maine.edu/bio