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Aimee Davidson Bench E Date

Classification

Higher order taxa

Kingdom – Domain – Phylum – Class – Order – Family – Genus

kingdom - Bacteria - Bacteroidetes - Flavobacteriia - Flavobacteriales - Flavobacteriaceae - Capnocytophaga gingivalis

reference: LPSN bacterio.net

Species

Species name and type strain (consult LPSN http://www.bacterio.net/index.html for this information)

Capnocytophaga gingivalis Leadbetter et al. 1994, sp. nov. Type strain: strain 27, ATCC 33624, DSM 3290

Reference: Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSB: List No. 8. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1982: 266-268

Description and significance

Give a general description of the species (e.g. where/when was it first discovered, where is it commonly found, has it been cultured, functional role, type of bacterium [Gram+/-], morphology, etc.) and explain why it is important to study this microorganism. Examples of citations ^[1], ^[2]

The C. gingivalis bacterial strain was first isolated in 1979

Genome structure

Select a strain for which genome information (e.g. size, plasmids, distinct genes, etc.) is available.

Cell structure and metabolism

Cell wall, biofilm formation, motility, metabolic functions.

Ecology

Aerobe/anaerobe, habitat (location in the oral cavity, potential other environments) and microbe/host interactions.

C. gingivalis has been found to inhabit both supragingival and subgingival areas within the human oral cavity ^[6].

Pathology

Do these microorganisms cause disease in the oral cavity or elsewhere?

A review of medical cases studies, from 2000 to February 2016, revealed that C. gingivalis was responsible for causing disease in four separate cases. The diseases were: bacteraemia, pneumonia, sepsis, lung abscess and acute exacerbation of COPD ^[3].

C. gingivalis has demonstrated resistance to a number of the commonly prescribed antibiotics including: beta-lactams, flurorquinolones, macrolides, lincosamide and streptogramin. More specifically strains of C. gingivalis contain the blacsp-1, blacfxA2, blacfxA3, erm(F) and erm(C) genes ^[3], ^[4].

Application to biotechnology

Bioengineering, biotechnologically relevant enzyme/compound production, drug targets,…

Current research

Summarise some of the most recent discoveries regarding this species.

References

References examples

1. Sahm, K., MacGregor, B.J., Jørgensen, B.B., and Stahl, D.A. (1999) Sulphate reduction and vertical distribution of sulphate-reducing bacteria quantified by rRNA slotblot hybridization in a coastal marine sediment. Environ Microbiol 1: 65-74.

2. Human Oral Microbiome

3. Ehrmann E, Jolivet-Gougeon A, Bonnaure-Mallet M, Fosse T. (2016) Multidrug-resistant oral Capnocytophaga gingivalis responsible for an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Case report and literature review. Anaerobe. 42:50-54

4. Ehrmann E, Handal T, Tamanai-Shacoori Z, Bonnaure-Mallet M. (2014) High prevalence of B-lactam and macrolide resistance genes in human oral Capnocytophaga species. J Antimicrob Chemother. 69

5. Geisler W.M., Malhotra U., Stamm W.E. (2001) Pneumonia and sepsis due to fluoroquinolone-resistant Capnocytophaga gingivalis after autologous stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 28(12):1171-3

6. Spratt D.A., Greenman J, Schaffer A.G. (1995) Capnocytophaga gingivalis aminopeptidase: a potential virulence factor. Microbiology. 141(Pt12):3087-93

7. Leadbetter E.R., Holt S.C., Socransky S.S. (1979). Capnocytophaga: new genus of gram-negative bacteria I. General characteristics, taxonomic considerations and significance. Arch Microbiol. 122(1):9-16

8. Holt S.C., Leadbetter E.R., Socransky S.S. (1979) Capnocytophaga: new genus of gram-negative gliding bacteria. II. Morphology and ultrastructure. Arch Microbiol. 122(1):17-27

9. Socransky S.S., Holt S.C., Leadbetter E.R., Tanner A.C., Savitt E, Hammond B.F. (1979). Capnocytophaga: new genus of gram-negative gliding bacteria. III. Physiological characterization. Arch Microbiol. 122(1):29-33

10. Williams B.L., Hammond B.F. (1979). Capnocytophaga: new genus of gram-negative gliding bacteria. IV. DNA base composition and sequence homology. Arch Microbiol. 122(1):35-9

11. London J., Roger A.C., Kagermeier A.K., Johnson J.L. (1985). Emended description of Capnocytophaga gingivalis. International Journal of Systematic Bacterology. 35(3):369-379

This page is written by Aimee Davidson for the MICR3004 course, Semester 2, 2016