User:S4338614
Name Bench ID Date [1]
Classification
Higher order taxa
Bacteria; Firmicutes; Negativicutes; Veillonellales; Veillonellaceae; Veillonella
Species
Veillonella parvula
Type strain: ATCC 10790 T , ATCC 17742 T , CCUG 5123 T , DSM 2008 T , JCM 12972 T , KCTC 5019 T , NCTC 11810 T , Prevot Te 3 T , Prévot Te3 T , strain ATCC 10790 T , Te 3 T , VTT E-001737 T
Description and significance
Veilonella parvula is a small, strictly anaerobic, gram negative coccus bacterium that lack flagella, spores and capsules (3). The genus Veillonella was first isolated by Veillon and Zuber in 1898 and currently subdivided into 13 species: V. atypica, V. caviae, V. criceti, V. denticariosi, V. dispar, V. magna, V. montpellierensis, V. parvula, V. ratti, V. rodentium, V. rogosae, V. seminalis, and V. tobetsuensis (4,5). V. parvula form part of the normal flora of the oral, respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts in humans and animals (6). V. parvula have been isolated from clinical specimens (7), typically using selective agar based on vancomycin resistance (8,9).
The identification of Veillonella isolates to the species level is difficult because of a lack of conventional phenotypic and biochemical testing in providing sufficient discrimination between species. Thus, molecular methods based on 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing such as PCR random fragment-length polymorphism is used to identify Veillonella strains at the species level (10,11). In addition, sequence analysis of housekeeping genes, including rpoB, dnaK and gyrB have also been used to identify Veillonella species (5).
V. parvula is often regarded as contaminant or commensal in the oral, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts microflora (12). It has also been reported to be pathogenically involved in infections including meningitis (7), osteomyelitis (13), endocarditis (14), periodontitis, periodontal abscess and various acute oral conditions (31,32). In addition, V. parvula has been associated with severe early childhood caries (16). Rather than being a sole pathogen, V. parvula is more often involved in multispecies infections (17).
V. parvula play a central in establishing multispecies oral biofilms with the early, middle and late colonizers (18, 19, 20). This is due to its ability to from intergenic coaggregates with other bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans. Studies have showed that dual-species biofilms such as V. parvula and S. mutans biofilms are more resistant to antimicrobial treatments than single-species biofilms (22).
The understanding of interactions of V. parvula with other bacteria such as Streptococcus in oral biofilm formation is important to help preventing oral infectious diseases (4).
Examples of citations [1], [2]
Genome structure
Referring to the complete genome sequence of V. parvula type strain Te3T, the genome consists of one main circular chromosome comprised of 2,132,142 base pairs with a GC content of 38.6%. 1,920 genes identified in the genome, with 1,859 were protein coding genes, 61 were RNAs and 15 pseudogenes (17). 73.6% of the genes identified were assigned a putative function whereas the remainders were annotated as hypothetical proteins (17).
Cell structure and metabolism
Cell wall, biofilm formation, motility, metabolic functions.
Ecology
Aerobe/anaerobe, habitat (location in the oral cavity, potential other environments) and microbe/host interactions.
Pathology
Do these microorganisms cause disease in the oral cavity or elsewhere?
Application to biotechnology
Bioengineering, biotechnologically relevant enzyme/compound production, drug targets,…
Current research
Summarise some of the most recent discoveries regarding this species.
References
References examples
- ↑ MICR3004
This page is written by<name> for the MICR3004 course, Semester 2, 2016
