Naegleria fowleri aka "Brain Eating Ameoba"
Introduction
Amoeba are single celled organisms that are found in every major eukaryotic lineage. They are eukaryotic organisms that are defined by their lack of cell walls and the presence of pseudopods. While amoeba exist in many different lineages, the only 'true' amoeba are ones that are in the taxa Amoebozoa.
They live in the water, soil, and air of a number of diverse ecosystems. They are often predators that consume fungi and bacteria and aid with the recycling of nutrients.They feed via phagocytosis, engulfing smaller particles and organisms into their cytoplasm using their pseudopods. To regulate their internal environment, amoebas have vacuoles that regulate osmosis.
Amoeba can have vastly different structures, which is determined by the actin filaments in the cytoplasm. It is these filaments that control the structure of the pseudopods.
- NEED HELP WITH IMAGES
[[https://journals.asm.org/cms/10.1128/AEM.01866-20/asset/45d18ca9-c6fc-411f-96ad-5789c5d66149/assets/graphic/aem.01866-20-f0001.jpeg] |thumb|300px|left|Figure 1. Schematic representation of amoeba diversity. (A) Amoebae are spread in several supergroups, including Amoebozoa, Rhizaria, Excavata, Heterokonta, Alveolata, Opisthokonta, and other ungrouped species. Amoebozoa (black) is the only group that solely consists of amoebae. The tree topology is from previous classifications (3, 139). (B) Amoebae show considerable variation in their sizes.[1].]]
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Legend/credit: Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.
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Pathogenic Amoebas
Naegleria fowleri is a highly dangerous ameoba that can infect humans and cause death within 7 to 10 days of infection. This amoeba attacks brain tissue and causes brain swelling; an infection known as primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).
[1]
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[2]
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Here we cite April Murphy's paper on microbiomes of the Kokosing river. [5]
Section 2 Microbiome
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Here we cite Murphy's microbiome research again.[5]
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kurokawa C, Lynn GE, Pedra JH, Pal U, Narasimhan S, Fikrig E. Interactions between Borrelia burgdorferi and ticks. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2020 Oct;18(10):587-600.
- ↑ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.
- ↑ Lee G, Low RI, Amsterdam EA, Demaria AN, Huber PW, Mason DT. Hemodynamic effects of morphine and nalbuphine in acute myocardial infarction. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 1981 May;29(5):576-81.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 text of the citation
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Murphy A, Barich D, Fennessy MS, Slonczewski JL. An Ohio State Scenic River Shows Elevated Antibiotic Resistance Genes, Including Acinetobacter Tetracycline and Macrolide Resistance, Downstream of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent. Microbiology Spectrum. 2021 Sep 1;9(2):e00941-21.
Edited by [Author Name], student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 116, 2024, Kenyon College.
