The Hologenome Theory of Evolution
Introduction
The hologenome theory is a postulate put forth in 2007 by Eugene Rosenberg and Ilana Zilber-Rosenburg stating that the object of genomic natural selection is not a single organism, but the organism and its microbial communities (Rosenburg et al., 2007). This theory was originally based on the pair’s observations of Vibrio shiloi-mediated bleaching of the coral Oculina patagonica (Rosenburg & Zilber-Rosenburg, 2008); since its first introduction, the theory has been promoted as a fusion of Lamarckism and Darwinism (Rosenburg, Sharon, and Zilber-Rosenburg, 2009) and expanded to all of evolution, not just that of corals (Rosenburg & Zilber-Rosenburg, 2011). Recent research by the Rosenburg lab suggests that commensal bacteria play a role in mate choice by the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, further supporting the hypothesis that greater genetic trends are determined by symbiotic microbiota (Sharon et al., 2010).
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Legend/credit: Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.
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The Coral Probiotic Hypothesis
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The Hologenome
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Larmarckism vs. Darwinism
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Microbes' Influence on Mate Selection
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Conclusion
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References
Edited by Rachel Martinstudent of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 238 Microbiology, 2009, Kenyon College.