Thermus thermophilus

Classification:

Higher order taxa: Bacteria (Domain): Deinococcus-Thermus (Phylum): Deinococci (Class): Thermales (Order): Thermacaea (Family): Thermus (Genus): Thermophilus (Species): Strain (HB27, HB8)

Description and Significance:

Thermus Thermophilus is a Gram-negative bacterium that was isolated in 1971, Japan. They spawn in thermal spring ranging from 50-82C. The biological machines from these organisms have a higher stability than other organisms due to the environment that they have to live in. In general, thermophiles are anaerobes that can live in hot environment with low oxygen solubility due to the temperature with the exception of thermus, they are aerobic chemorganotroph. Thermus Thermophilus contains two strains, HB8 and HB27; both were found in Japan’s thermal environment with optimum environment 68C and the pH 7.0. The HB8 strain can live in either anaerobe and aerobe; where as the HB27 can only strive in aerobe environment. HB8 survive anaerobeically in the presence of nitrate through nitrate reductase production. However the HB27 was unable to growth in the same environment as the HB8 due to the inability to produce nitrate reductase.

Genome Structure:

The Thermus Thermophilus bacterium contain 2127482 base pair where 1476627 base pair (69.40%) are G+C content. The high percentage of G+C content allow the bacterium to strive in extreme thermo environment where it's own genetic information would not be denatured by the surrounding environment. In addition, it contained a total of 2210 protein encoding genes and 53 RNA genes.

Cell Structure and Metabolism:

Cell Structure:

Like any other Gram negative bacteria, Thermus Thermophilus composed of an outer membrane, mainly phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides, which made it ineffective to hold the crystal violet color during gram staining; a thin layer of peptidoglycan covering the plasma membrane and a cytoplasmic membrane. The peptidoglycan (murein) is responsible for the cell’s rigrid structure. There are a total of 29 muropeptides composed of more than 85% of the total murein in the organism. Scientists disected the composition of the Thermus Thermophilus murein and found the presence of Ala, Glu, Gly, Orn, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylmuramic. In addition to the amino acid and sugar mentioned above, T. Thermophilus also contain phenylacetic acid at the N terminal of Glycine.

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Ecology:

Most Thermus Thermophilus can be found in extreme environment such as hot spring, undersea volcanic thermal vents and in acidic condition as low as pH 3.4 to alkaline environments such as pH 9. The ability that allows them to survive these environments is all encoded in their genetic and protein structure.

Application to Biotechnology:

Thermus Thermophilus has been an interest to scientist as well as industrial manufacture due to its stability from denature. Furthermore, the vitamin B12 synthesis has been….