Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

WIKI IN PROGRESS

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

Characteristics of the symbiont/pathogen

The infectious bursal disease virus is a small, non-enveloped virus, that is a part of the family Birnaviridae (2). The virus has a single capsid shell made up of 32 capsomers. It has a diameter of 60 to 70 nanometers. The sequenced genome of the virus is broken down into two RNA segments. The first, larger segment is about 3,400 base pairs and the second, smaller segment is about 2,800 base pairs long (2).

Characteristics of the host

The virus causing infectious bursal disease mainly effects chicken and other avian animals. Young chicks are effected within the first six weeks of life (3). The viral disease causes necrosis of lymphocytes and specifically affects the bursa of Fabricius, a lymphoid organ (3). Chicken are the only avian species the ate susceptible to the clinical disease (4).

Negatively stained IBDV particle." [1]

Host-Symbiont Interaction

Chicken acquire the pathogenic IBD virus via oral route where it is then transported to other organs and tissue by phagocytic cells (4). the host and symbiont have a parasitic relationship where the virus attacks lymphoid cells and causes apoptosis of surrounding cells.

What kind of interaction do host and symbiont have? How is the host affected by the relationship? How does the host acquire and transmit the symbiont? Is the interaction obligate or facultative?

Molecular Insights into the Symbiosis

Describe molecular/genetic studies on the symbiosis.

Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects

What is the evolutionary history of the interaction? Do particular environmental factors play a role in regulating the symbiosis?

Recent Discoveries

Describe two findings on the symbiosis published within the last two years.

References

(1)Hirai, K. and Shimakura, S. (1974). Structure of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus. Journal of Virology 14:957-964.

(2)Van den Berg, T.P. (2000). Acute infectious bursal disease in poultry: a review. Avian Pathology 29: 175–194.

(3)Wu, C.C., Rubinelli, P., Lin, T.L. (2007). Molecular detection and differentiation of infectious bursal disease virus. Avian Diseases 51: 515-526.

(4)Sharma, J.M., Kim, I., Rautenschlein, S., Yeh, H.Y. (2000). Infectious bursal disease virus of chickens: pathogenesis and immunosuppression. Development and Comparative Immunology 24: 223-235.

(5)Sharma, J.M. and Lee, L.F. (1983). Effect of infectious bursal disease on natural killer cell activity and mitogenic response of chicken lymphoid cells: role of adherent cells in cellular immune suppression. Infection and Immunity 42: 747-754.

Edited by Helena Shadid (Helenashadid), students of Grace Lim-Fong

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