Bacteroides intestinalis
Classification
Higher order taxa
Bacteria; Bacteroidetes; Bacteroidia; Bacteroidales; Bacteroidaceae; Bacteroides
Species
intestinalis
Description
Bacteroides intestinalis are rod shaped, gram negative, anaerobic cells. They are not motile, nor do they form spores. The cells occur singly (approximately 0.8 µm wide and 1-5 µm long), but after approximately two days, transluscent-whitish colonies (raised, circular and 1-3 mm in diameter) will form. They grow optimally at 37 degrees Celsius, consistent with human body temperature. Simple sugars such as glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, xylose, arabinose, cellobiose, mannose, as well as polysaccharides such as raffinose and rhamnose are metabolized creating an acid as a biproduct.
Discovery
Bacteria was obtained from human feces, and polyamine production was tested by growing the acquired gut bacteria on a polyamine deficient media. This permitted the isolation of five strains able to synthesize polyamines. One of the five isolated species was Bacteroides intestinalis, a novel species, discovered and named in 2006. Biochemical tests revealed this species is most closely related to Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides helcogenes.
Relevance
Polyamines are organic molecules needed for animal cell growth and differentiation. Bacteria can create polyamines by decarboxylation of the amino acids lysine, arginine, and orthinine. Bacteroides are known to produce polyamines, specifically spermidine. Spermidine is a poly-cationic polyamine used in many biological mechanisms. It is found in nearly all tissues associated with nucleic acids, and is thought to stabilize DNA, and other nucleic acid structures as well as membranes. In animals, polyamines are ubiquitous, and the origin of the polyamines can be due to internal or external factors. Gut bacteria is thought to be a major contributor.
References
Edited by (Amanda Hayes), student of Rachel Larsen at the University of Southern Maine
