User:S4355889

From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource

Name: Callum Le Lay
Bench ID: C
Date: 31/08/2016
[1]

Graphical circular map of the genome. From outside to the center: Genes on forward strand (color by COG categories), Genes on reverse strand (color by COG categories), RNA genes (tRNAs green, rRNAs red, other RNAs black), GC content, GC skew.

Classification

Higher order taxa

Bacteria - Terrabacteria group - Firmicutes - Negativicutes - Veillonellales - Veillonellaceae - Veillonella

Species

Veillonella parvula
Type strain: Prevot Te 3 = ATCC 10790 = DSM 2008 = JCM 12972

Description and significance

Named after french biologist Adrien Veillon who first discovered the species in 1898[2][3], Veillonella parvula is a gram negative bacteria is found in many of the microenvironments of the human body, but is most common and well described in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract [REF]. It comes from the Negativicutes class which has a perculiar gram negative cell wall despite being a part of the Firmicutes phyla, in which the majority of species are gram positive. V. parvula is obligately anaerobic, auxotrophic, lactate fermenting and cocci shaped [4][5][KEGG, genome paper and other REFs]. The species is small at 0.3-0.5um[4].

Veillonella parvula is known for its close association with Streptococcus species (in particular S.sanguinus)[REF]. As V. parvula ferments lactate, a common byproduct of anaerobic respiration in bacteria, it has a commensual relationship with Streptococcus spp. where it will bind to the surface of the cells and metabolise the lactate as it is produced. This benefits V. parvula as it does not have to compete for resources. Coaggregation of Veillonella spp. with certain Streptococcus spp. (each species has preferences) is also shown to promote biofilm formation[6] and the two species are known early colonisers in oral plaque communities [REF].

It the importance of research on this microbe is its pathogenesis. It has been shown to produce biofilm and contribute to plaque formation[6]; is present in dental caries*[REF]* and in chronic peridontitis[7][8]*[REF]*; and is less commonly associated with other types of diseaes such as endodontitus*[REF]*, vaginosis[9] and even osteomyetitisCite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag [4] [2] [5] [6] [10] [9] [7] [8] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content </references>

Notes

TEMPORARY: TO BE DELETED AFTER FINISH

HILPERT, W. & DIMROTH, P. (1982). Conversion of the chemical energy of methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylation into a Na+ gradient. Nature, London 2%, 584-585. HILPERT, W. & DIMROTH, P. (1991). On the mechanism of sodium ion translocation by methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylasef from Veillonella alcalescens. European Journal of Biochemistry 195, 79-86.

This page was written by Callum Le Lay for the MICR3004 course, Semester 2, 2016

  1. ↑ MICR3004
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 List of prokaryotic names with standing in nomenclature
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named veil_zuber
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Gronow, S., Welnitz, S., Lapidus, A., Nolan, M., Ivanova, N., Glavina Del Rio, T., . . . Lucas, S. (2010). Complete genome sequence of Veillonella parvula type strain (Te3). Stand Genomic Sci, 2(1), 57-65. doi:10.4056/sigs.521107
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?vpr:Vpar_1247+vpr:Vpar_1248+vpr:Vpar_1762+vpr:Vpar_1763
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Mashima, I., & Nakazawa, F. (2014). The influence of oral Veillonella species on biofilms formed by Streptococcus species. Anaerobe, 28, 54-61. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.05.003
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Silva-Boghossian, C. M., Neves, A. B., Resende, F. A., & Colombo, A. P. (2013). Suppuration-associated bacteria in patients with chronic and aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol, 84(9), e9-e16. doi:10.1902/jop.2013.120639
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Stingu, C. S., Jentsch, H., Eick, S., Schaumann, R., Knofler, G., & Rodloff, A. (2012). Microbial profile of patients with periodontitis compared with healthy subjects. Quintessence International, 43(2), 9.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Africa, C. W., Nel, J., & Stemmet, M. (2014). Anaerobes and bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: virulence factors contributing to vaginal colonisation. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 11(7), 6979-7000. doi:10.3390/ijerph110706979
  10. ↑ Al-Otaibi, F. E., & Al-Mohizea, M. M. (2014). Non-vertebral Veillonella species septicemia and osteomyelitis in a patient with diabetes: a case report and review of the literature. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 8(365), 5. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-8-365
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