Alcoholism and its Effects on Gut Microbiome

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Introduction

This illustration depicts a three-dimensional (3D), computer-generated image, of a group of Gram-positive, Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus) bacteria. The photo credit for this image belongs to Alissa Eckert, who is a medical illustrator at the CDC.


By Nikola Kovacova

The gut microbiota is classified as a collection of all microbial organisms within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).[1] With trillions of microorganisms inhabiting the microbiota, its collective genome is believed to encode 100 times more genes than the human genome.[2]This makes it not only a complex, but also an essential player involved in the health status of the GIT, as it impacts digestion, inflammation, and immunity.[3]The microbiota–host relationship is mutualistic - the microbiota contributes to the extraction of energy from various sources, boosts synthesis of vitamins and amino acids, and assists with the formation of barriers against pathogens.[4]This relationship, however, is highly sensitive towards imbalances in microbial composition that can often lead to a decrease in overall well-being of the host.[5]

How to Analyze the Intestinal Microbial Population?

Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.

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==Alcohol as a Culprit of Dysbiosis in the Intestinal Microbiota == Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.

Alcohol as a Culprit of Dysbiosis in the Intestinal Microbiota

Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.

Alcohol-Induced Diseases of the GIT

Possible Treatments and Therapeutic Interventions

Conclusion

References

  1. ↑ Savage, D.C. "Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract." Annual review of microbiology, 31, 107–133.
  2. ↑ Qin, J., Li, R., Raes, J., Arumugam, M., Burgdorf, K. S., Manichanh, C., Nielsen, T., Pons, N., Levenez, F., Yamada, T., Mende, D. R., Li, J., Xu, J., Li, S., Li, D., Cao, J., Wang, B., Liang, H., Zheng, H., Xie, Y., … Wang, J. (2010). "A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing." Nature, 464(7285), 59–65.
  3. ↑ Leclercq, S., de Timary, P., Delzenne, N. M., & Stärkel, P. (2017). "The link between inflammation, bugs, the intestine and the brain in alcohol dependence." Translational psychiatry, 7(2), e1048.
  4. ↑ Tappenden, K. A., & Deutsch, A. S. (2007). "The physiological relevance of the intestinal microbiota--contributions to human health." Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 26(6), 679S–83S.
  5. ↑ Kim, B. S., Jeon, Y. S., & Chun, J. (2013). "Current status and future promise of the human microbiome." Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition, 16(2), 71–79.



Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski, 2023, Kenyon College

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