User:Rogers3
Introduction to Bioterrorism
By Emily Rogers
Bioterrorism is defined as using “using biological agents to inflict disease and/ or death on humans, animals or plants, and motivations for pursuing such an attack could have religious, political, or criminal motivations.”[1] People that plan and perform bioterrorism attacks could also be a part of nationalist, separatist, or apocalyptic cult groups.[2] Biological agents can also be used by military and government agencies in warfare.[2] Early records of bioterrorism in the 14th century include the Tartar group attacking the city Kaffa by catapulting cadavers infected with the plague, caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis, over the walls of the city, causing the plague to spread over the Mediterranean.[2] More recently in 1984, a cult following the Rajneeshee movement poisoned a restaurant in Oregon with Salmonella bacteria because they had political motives to win an election.[2] Unlike other types of terror attacks, bioterrorism has the unique ability to go undetected for a severe length of time, in which infected individuals can spread the agent even further, before the attack event is even detected.[2]Starting in 2001 and last reviewed in 2018, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has published a list of the most dangerous infectious agents that could be used for bioterrorism acts.[3] Anyone born after the 1970’s will not have been vaccinated because most countries stopped providing the vaccine after the virus was eradicated.[4]
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Legend/credit: Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC. Every image requires a link to the source.
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- ↑ Klietmann, W., & Ruoff, K. (2001). Bioterrorism: Implications for the Clinical Microbiologist. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 14(2).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Poupard J. A. and Miller L. A. History of biological warfare: catapults to capsomeres. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 666 1992 9 -20
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bioterrorism agents/ diseases. (2018, April 4). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April 14, 2023, from https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp#catdef
- ↑ Cohen, J. (2001). Smallpox Vaccinations: How Much Protection Remains? American Association for the Advancement of Science, 294(5544).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hodgkin, J. and Partridge, F.A. "Caenorhabditis elegans meets microsporidia: the nematode killers from Paris." 2008. PLoS Biology 6:2634-2637.
- ↑ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.
Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski, 2023, Kenyon College
