Canine influenza

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Legend. Image credit: Name or Publication.

Classification

Domain; Unranked; Virus Phylum; Negarnaviricota Class; Insthoviricetes Order; Articulavirales family; Orthomyxoviridae [Others may be used. Use NCBI link to find]

Species

NCBI: [1]

Genus species

Description and Significance

Enters organism through inhalation and embeds in the respiratory mucosa, effecting the upper and lower respiratory tract. Virus attaches to epithelial cells due to the binding of the hemagglutinin spike protein to the N-acetylneuraminic acid receptor. Virus then invades cell by endocytosis into the cell cytoplasm, where new virions are replicated and released back into the respiratory tract. The viruses spreads through the trachea within 4 days of exposure and causes swelling, necrosis, flaking of skin, and bone deterioration.

Genome Structure

Single stranded negative sense RNA, 8 chromosomes and circular

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

18 hemagglutinin molecules (HA) attached on the outer layer along with 6 neuramindase molecules (NA). Surrounded with a lipid bilayer and matrix protein (m1), containing nucleoproteins and RNA polymerase in the center. Gains energy from host cells.

Ecology and Pathogenesis

Canines, Pigs, Horses, Ducks, negative symbiotic relationship disrupts immune system, symptoms appear as cough, excessive mucus, fever, lethargy, discharge from eyes, decreased appetite. Advancement in infection can lead to pneumonia.

If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.

Habitat; symbiosis; biogeochemical significance; contributions to environment.

References

Yang, H., Nguyen, H. T., Carney, P. J., Guo, Z., Chang, J. C., Jones, J., ... & Stevens, J. (2015). Structural and functional analysis of surface proteins from an A (H3N8) influenza virus isolated from New England harbor seals. Journal of Virology, 89(5), 2801-2812.

Wahlgren, J. (2011). Influenza A viruses: an ecology review. Infection ecology & epidemiology, 1(1), 6004.

Author

Page authored by Daniel LoBocchiaro, student of Prof. Bradley Tolar at UNC Wilmington.