Chryseobacterium Nematophagum

Legend. Image credit: Anthony Page et.al, 2019.

Chryseobacterium nematophagum

Classification

Domain: Bacteria, Phlym: Bacteroidota, Class: Flavobacteriia ,Order: Falvobacteriales, Family: Weeksellacea, Genus: Chryseobacterium, Species: "C. nematophagum"

Species

NCBI: Chryseobacterium Nematophagum Description and Significance Chryseobacterium Nemaophagum is rod-shaped. The golden color on it was shown due to the production of a flexirubin- type pigment. It first isolated from Caenorhabditis briggsae nematodes in rotting apples in France (Page et.al,2019). It has gliding motility. They are pathogens of nematodes. They represent a control agent for important nematode parasites. These bacteria exhibit potent collagen-digesting processes as well as collagenase and chitinase enzymes representing potential virulence factors. Genome Structure Chryseobacterium Nematophagum is a bacillus that is oxidase-positive,gram-negative, flexirubin-pigmented rods that exhibit gelatinase activity. The genomes of JUb129 and JUb275 were predicted to encode 3738 and 3586 protein sequences. Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle Chryseobacterium nematophagous kills the environmental stages of a wide range of nematode parasites. After ingested by a nematode they attack it from the inside by breaking down its extracellular matrix and then kill it. Within 24 hours the internal content of the worms is digested followed by the final digestion of the remaining cuticle over a 2-3 day period (Page et.al, 2019). Grows optimally at 30 degrees Celsius on an agar plus 5% sheep's blood or a tryptone soy agar plus 5% sheep's blood.  Ecology and Pathogenesis This bacteria is mainly found in soil, water, and various environmental sources. But specifically more known for their interactions with nematodes. They effectively kill C. elegans (nematodes) in all different stages, leading to significant mortality. C.elegans are attracted to and eat these bacteria and within the first three hours of being digested, the bacilli degrade the anterior pharyngeal chitinous ling and enter the body cavity and then kill the host (Page et.al, 2019). These bacteria also infect and kill the bacterivorous free-living stages of all parasitic nematodes. Nematodes are important pathogens of humans and animals and can cause significant health and economic impacts, these bacteria are used as a way to control these nematodes. References Chryseobacterium Nematophagum. GBIF. (n.d.). https://www.gbif.org/species/165254615/verbatim Page AP, Roberts M, Félix MA, Pickard D, Page A, Weir W. The golden death bacillus Chryseobacterium nematophagum is a novel matrix-digesting pathogen of nematodes. BMC Biol. 2019 Feb 28;17(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s12915-019-0632-x. PMID: 30813925; MCID: PMC6394051. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30813925/ Schoch CL, et al. NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools. Database (Oxford). 2020: baaa062. PubMed: 32761142 PMC: PMC7408187. Wikimedia Foundation. (2023, November 11). Chryseobacterium Nematophagum. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chryseobacterium_nematophagum Author Page authored by Isabella Noch, student of Prof. Bradley Tolar at UNC Wilmington.