Listeria monocytogenes Preservative Resistance

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Growth of Listeria on PALCAM selective and differential agar. Black circles around colonies indicate esculin hydrolysis, a characteristic of Listeria and related species. Photo credit: Generon.

By Iris Pardue

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Introduction

Listeria monocytogenes is a resilient food pathogen capable of surviving and growing at low temperatures. As a result, it is responsible for infections in deli meats, cheeses, and other refrigerated products.[1] Many different methods are used by food supply companies to inhibit bacterial growth, and chief among these methods are chemical preservatives.

Cold Resistance

The anteiso-17-0 and anteiso-15-0 fatty acids, respectively at top and bottom. Photo credit: Pubchem and Pubchem

To fully understand the resistance of Listeria to preservatives, it is important to first consider its most importance resistance to cold. Listeria is a psychrophile, capable of growing at freezing temperatures as well as at human body temperatures. [2] Numerous mechanisms exist to aid resistance to cold, but chief among them is adaptations in the content of the phospholipid membrane. This adaptation is mainly achieved via the use of the two primary fatty acids in the lipid membrane, anteiso-17-0 and anteiso-15-0.[3] The proportion between these two fatty acids is modulated in response to low temperatures until the more flexible anteiso-15-0 dominates, reaching 80% of the total fatty acid profile. This adaptation allows it to maintain the crucial "liquid-crystal" state, which is necessary for cell function[4] by lowering the melting point of the membrane. However, the focus on lipids alone can paint an oversimplified picture of the cell membrane's temperature stability. In many species, cholesterol acts as a cellular antifreeze to aid membrane stability[5], and Listeria employs a similar mechanism using isoprenoid quinones.

Section 3

Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.

Section 4

Conclusion

References

  1. ↑ Ranjan K. Mohapatra, Snehasish Mishra, Lawrence Sena Tuglo, Ashish K. Sarangi, Venkataramana Kandi, Amani Ahmed AL Ibrahim, Hussain A. Alsaif, Ali A. Rabaan, Md. Kudrat-E Zahan. Recurring food source-based Listeria outbreaks in the United States: An unsolved puzzle of concern? Health Science Reports 2024 7:2.
  2. ↑ Jones GS, D'Orazio SEF. Listeria monocytogenes: cultivation and laboratory maintenance. Curr Protoc Microbiol. 2013 Nov 5;31:9B.2.1-9B.2.7.
  3. ↑ Alexander Flegler, Vanessa Kombeitz & André Lipski. Menaquinone-mediated regulation of membrane fluidity is relevant for fitness of Listeria monocytogenes. Arch Microbiol 203, 3353–3360.
  4. ↑ Richard Templer and John Seddon. The World of Liquid Crystals. NewScientist 18 May 1991.
  5. ↑ Singer SJ, Nicolson GL. The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science. 1972 Feb 18;175(4023):720-31.



Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski,at Kenyon College,2024

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